FISHES FROM THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
175 
The above description from the type, No. 50633, U.S.N.M. (field No. 03188), a specimen 9 inches 
long obtained by us at Honolulu. An examination of our large series of cotypes shows but slight vari- 
ations, the characters appearing quite stable. In some examples the upper opercular spine is the 
larger, in others the 2 are equal; in 2 examples we find 3 opercular spines. 
This species has been several times called Holocentrum argenteum. The species described under 
that name by Quoy & Gaimard from New Guinea resembles this in the slender body and general 
coloration, but differs in having the lower jaw included, eye much smaller, mouth smaller, and the 
preopercular spine weaker. It was probably intended for some species with the lower jaw included. 
Holocentrus Here Lesson, from Tahiti, is more likely to be the present fish. It is figured as elon- 
gate, with the spinous dorsal low and the opercular spines equal. The plate is, however, too rough to 
permit certain identification and approaches almost as closely to Holocentrus diploxiphus as to Flammeo. 
This is one of the most abundant species in the markets at Honolulu and Hilo. It reaches a 
length of 8 to 10 inches. Our collections contain the following specimens, all of which, except the 
first, are taken as co types: 
Field 
No. 
Length. 
Locality. 
Final disposition of speci- 
men. 
Field 
No. 
Length. 
Locality. 
Final disposition of speci- 
men. 
Inches. 
Inches. 
03488 
9. 25 
Honolulu. 
Type, No. 50633, U. S. N. M. 
04965 
8.50 
Honolulu. 
Cotvpe, No. 7456, L. S. Jr. 
03041 
8.00 
do 
Cotype. 
Univ. Mus. 
03451 
8. 50 
do 
Cotvpe, No. — , M. C. Z. 
04966 
8.50 
do 
Cotype, No. 2705, U.S.F.C. 
03490 
8.50 
Hilo 
Cotype, No. 7455, L. S. Jr. 
04967 
7.50 
do .... 
Cotvpe, No. 2705, U. S. F.C. 
Univ. Mus. 
04968 
8.25 
do .... 
Cotype, No. 24214, Ac. 
04925 
8.25 
do 
Do. 
Nat. Sci., Phila. 
04920 
10. 00 
do .... 
Do. 
04969 
7. 50 
do.... 
Cotype, No. 2285, Am. 
04927 
9.00 
do 
Cotype, No. 1491, Cal. Ac. Sci. 
Mus. Nat. Hist. 
04928 
9.25 
do.... 
Cotype. 
04970 
8.50 
do.... 
Cotype, No. 7456, L. S. Jr. 
04949 
6.25 
Honolulu. 
Cotype, No. 3967,Field Col. Mus. 
Univ. Mus. 
04954 
8.75 
do 
Cotype, No. 7456, L. S. Jr. 
04971 
7.75 
do 
Do. 
Univ. Mus. 
04972 
7. 75 
do.... 
Do. 
04956 
8. 75 
do.... 
Cotype, No. 9804, Ind. Univ. 
04973 
8.75 
do.... 
Do. 
Mus. 
04974 
8. 75 
do.... 
Do. 
04957 
7.25 
do 
Cotype. 
04975 
8. 00 
do 
Do. 
04958 
8.50 
do 
Cotype, No. 1691, Bishop Mus. 
04976 
5. 00 
do.... 
Do. 
04959 
7.50 
do.... 
Cotype. 
04977 
7. 00 
do .... 
Do. 
04964 
9.00 
do .... 
Cotype, No. 50634, U. S. N. M. 
04988 
9.00 
do 
Do. 
Holocentrum argenteum, Steindachner, Denks. Ak. Wiss. Wien, lxx, 1900, 492 (Honolulu and Laysan); not of Cuvier & 
Valenciennes. 
18. Holocentrus xantherythrus Jordan & Evermann, new species. 
Head 2.8 in length; depth 3; eye 3 in head; snout 4; maxillary 2.7; interorbital 5; D xi-14; 
A. iv, 10; scales 4-47-8. 
Body elongate, compressed, greatest depth about base of ventral; upper profile steep; lower 
profile nearly horizontal; head compressed, its depth about 1.2 in length, width 2.25; eye large, high, 
impinging upon upper profile in front, anterior, and a little less than postocular region; snout short, 
pointed, its upper profile obliquely straight; jaws rather large, subequal; maxillary reaching beyond 
front margin of pupil or to first third of eye, its distal expanded extremity 2.7 in eye; supplemental 
maxillary large; lips rather thick, fleshy; teeth small, short, in rather broad bands in jaws and on 
vomer and palatines; tongue elongate, pointed, free in front; nostrils close together, posterior, a deep 
cavity in front of middle of eye; interorbital space broad, very slightly concave; preorbital with a 
large spine in front, its margins serrate; suborbital narrow, with finely serrate margin; preopercle 
with a large dagger-like spine at lower angle; opercle with 2 similar spines on upper margin, upper 
one much the larger; bones of head with serrate margins; gill-opening rather large, filaments and 
pseudobranchioe well developed; gillrakers short, compressed, few, and much shorter than longest 
filaments; fleshy axillary flap small; dorsal spines sharp-pointed, first 3.2 in head, second 2.8, third 
1.9, last 7; anterior dorsal rays high, second 2.4 in head, third 2.2, last 6.5; third anal spine very 
large, not reaching beyond soft rays, 1.7 in head, fourth 2.25; anterior anal rays longest, first 1.75 in 
head, second 1.9, last 6; caudal rather small, deeply forked; pectoral small, 1.6 in head; ventral 
sharp-pointed, 1.4, spine 2; caudal peduncle .elongate, compressed, its length 2.1 in head, depth 4; 
scales rather large, ctenoid; lateral line nearly straight, running obliquely down along upper side of 
caudal peduncle. 
