182 
BULLETIN OE THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
palatines; tongue rounded, free in front; maxillary reaching almost to front margin of pupil, its greatest 
width 2 in eye; edge of preopercle finely serrate, with a sharp, flat, serrated spine directed backward 
at angle; margins of interopercle, subopercle, and opercle entire; opercle with an obscure flat spine; 
interorbital space slightly convex; eye very large, its lower edge a little above base of pectoral and in 
line with axis of body; nostrils small, close together, the anterior with elevated rim; posterior nostril 
oblong, with broad flap; gillrakers rather slender, about 22 on longer arm of first arch, longest about 
3 in eye; origin of spinous dorsal over upper base of pectoral; dorsal spines rather uniform, the 
longest about equal to orbit; soft portion of dorsal somewhat elevated, rounded, fourth ray 1.7 in 
head; anal spines rather stronger than those of dorsal, third the longest, 1.1 in orbit; soft portion of 
anal similar to that of soft dorsal, rays of about equal length; caudal truncate, the middle rays slightly 
greater than orbit; pectoral short, bluntly pointed, not reaching tip of ventral, length 1.4 in head; 
ventrals longer, just reaching base of second anal spine, their length 1.2 in head; ventral spine about 
1.25 in longest ray, or 1.7 in head; scales small, firm and rugose, those of lateral line somewhat 
enlarged; entire head, as well as body, densely scaled; lateral line rising abruptly for 6 or 7 pores 
from gill-opening, thence concurrent with back to caudal peduncle. 
Color in life, silvery, light olive above, somewhat flushed with red in irregular blotches; chin red; 
spinous dorsal olive-yellowish, especially on edge; ventrals black, rays whitish; fins unspotted. 
Young of 4 inches in length are dirty gray, browner above, with no trace of red in life; some brown 
spots along lateral line; fins dusky, anal and ventral darkest; iris a little brownish red. 
Color in alcohol, plain yellowish-white; spinous dorsal and anal somewhat dusky; ventral mem- 
branes black, the rays white, other fins pale yellowish-white. In some examples the color is much 
more flushed with red, especially above; the red paler and more evanescent than in the other species; 
fins red, unspotted; the spinous dorsal edged with golden; upper lip golden; ventral membrane 
black, pectoral pale. 
There seems to be but little variation in this species; the younger individuals appear to be more 
brightly colored or with more evident wash of red than was shown in the type. 
We have examined the following specimens: 
Field 
No. 
Length. 
Locality. 
Final disposition of specimen. 
01170 
Inches. 
8.25 
Honolulu 
Type, No. 50643, U. S. N. M. 
03395 
7 
do 
Cotype, No. 7461, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus. 
03420 
6 
do 
Cotype, No. 2712, U. S. F. C. 
Family LUTIANIDdi. The Snappers. 
Genus BOWERSIA Jordan & Evermann, new genus. 
Bowersia Jordan & Evermann, new genus of Lutianidx (violescens). 
Body long, rather slender and moderately compressed; top of head evenly rounded, the supra- 
occipital crest extending forward on cranium; jaws equal, lower not projecting; bands of villiform 
teeth on both jaws, the outer series sonrewhat enlarged and canine-like; villiform teeth on vomer, 
palatines, and tongue; maxillary slipping for its entire length under the rather broad preorbital; eye 
large; opercle entire, ending in 2 flat, obscure spines, the space between them deeply emarginate, 
but filled by soft membrane; preopercle scarcely dentate; dorsal fin continuous, the last ray produced 
nearly twice length of preceding one. 
This genus is related to Apsilus, with which it agrees in the presence of villiform teeth on the 
vomer and palatines, but from which it differs in having well-developed teeth on the tongue, and in 
the produced last dorsal and anal ray. Two species are known. 
We take much pleasure in naming this new genus for the Hon. George M. Bowers, United States 
Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries, in recognition of his active and intelligent interest in promoting 
scientific work, especially the investigation of the aquatic resources of the Hawaiian Islands. 
a. Scales rather large, about 60 in lateral line: preorbital broad, 7.75 in head violescens. 
aa. Scales smaller, about 68 in lateral line; preorbital narrow, 10 in head ulaula. 
