186 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
Family MULUDtE. The Surmullets. 
30. Mulloides flammeus Jordan & Evermann, new species. 
Head 3.6 in length; depth 4; eye 4.3 in head; snout 2.25; interorbital 3.5; maxillary 2.6; 
mandible 2.1; shortest distance from eye to upper edge of maxillary 1 in eye; D. vii-9, longest dorsal 
spine 1.75 in head, longest dorsal ray 2.6; A. 7, longest ray 2.7; scales 3-41-6; pectoral 1.5; ventral 1.4. 
Body oblong, not much compressed; head heavy, broad, the interorbital space broad and slightly 
convex; snout rather long and pointed, not abruptly decurved; mouth rather large, somewhat 
oblique, the lower jaw but slightly included; maxillary broad, slipping for most of its length under 
the thin preorbital, its tip not reaching orbit by diameter of pupil; eye rather large, high, slightly 
posterior; gillrakers 18 4- 7, the longest about 2 in eye, serrate; opercular spine obscure in adult, more 
plainly developed in the young;* origin of dorsal a little nearer posterior base of soft dorsal than tip of 
snout; distance between dorsals considerably less than snout, about 2.6 in head; anal similar to soft 
dorsal, its origin somewhat more posterior; ventrals rather long, reaching slightly beyond tip of 
pectoral; caudal deeply forked, the lobes equal, about 1.2 in head. 
Color in life (field No. 03459), bright rose-red, with 5 broad crossbands of darker clear rose, 
which vanishes very soon after death; a very faint yellow lateral streak, with yellow shades on scales 
below; lower side of head rose, snout and lips very red; 2 wavy golden streaks from below eye to 
angle of mouth, lower conspicuous; first dorsal clear red; second dorsal deep red on the lower half, 
fading above; caudal deep red at base, fading outward; anal pink, pectoral light yellow; ventral 
creamy red; barbels red, paler toward tip; iris silvery. 
A color note on specimens, field Nos. 03054 and 03055, says that they were rosy in life. 
Color in alcohol, pale dirty olivaceous above, yellowish white on sides and belly; head yellowish 
olive above, pale on cheek and below; a yellowish band from snout under eye; fins all colorless, the 
spinous dorsal slightly dusky, all with slight yellowish tinge; ventrals with the middle membranes 
blackish. Smaller examples show considerable rosy on the sides, indicating that the fish in life was 
probably red or rosy in color. 
This species somewhat resembles Mulloides auriflamma, from which it differs in the smaller eye, 
larger, more oblique mouth, longer maxillary, the longer, less decurved, more pointed snout, and fewer 
gillrakers. It bears some resemblance to M. pflugeri, but has the eye larger and the snout longer and 
more pointed. Compared with M. samoensis, it has a much larger and more oblique mouth, and a 
considerably longer maxillary, as well as a different coloration. It does not agree with any of the 
plates of Day, Gunther, or Bleeker, nor with any current descriptions. In life its banded coloration 
gives it a very handsome appearance. It is found in deeper water than most of the other species. 
M. flammeus seems to be fairly abundant and is represented in our collections by the following 9 
specimens, the first of which is taken as the type and all the others as cotypes: 
Field 
No. 
Length. 
Locality. 
Final disposition of speci- 
men. 
Field 
No. 
Length. 
Locality. 
Final disposition of speci- 
men. 
03740 
Inches. 
9.5 
Kailua . . . 
Type, No. 50665, U. S. N.M. 
03995 
Inches. 
11.25 
Hilo 
Cotype, No. 24225, Ac. 
03029 
03054 
6 
6.5 
Honolulu. 
do 
Cotype, No.1702, Bishop Mus. 
Cotvpe, No. 7475, L. S. Jr. 
03934 
9 
do 
Nat. Sci. Phila. 
Cotype, No. 9815, Ind. 
03055 
6 
do .... 
Univ. Mus. 
Cotvpe, No. , M. C. Z. 
03937 
12 
do .... 
Lfniv. Mus. 
Cotvpe, No. 3953, Field 
03778 
03459 
9. 75 
10 
do 
Hilo 
Cotype, No. 2723, U. S.F. C. 
Cotype, No. 2297, Am. Mus. 
Nat. Hist. 
Col. Mus. 
31. Pseudupeneus chrysonemus Jordan & Evermann, new species. 
Head 2.8 in length; depth 3.4; eye 5.3 in head; snout 1.7; interorbital 3.5; maxillary 2.3; D. 
vm-9; A. i, 7; scales 3-30-7. 
Body slender, not greatly compressed, the back gently and rather uniformly elevated from tip of 
snout to dorsal; ventral outline slightly convex; head moderate; snout long; bluntly pointed; mouth 
moderate, slightly oblique, the lower jaw included; maxillary broad at tip, falling short of vertical of 
orbit by diameter of pupil; interorbital space convex; eye small, in posterior half of head; teeth rather 
large, in a single band in each jaw; barbels long, 1.2 in head, reaching nearly to base of ventrals; 
opercular spine small; fins rather large; third dorsal spine longest, 1.5 in head, or equal to distance 
