FISHES FKOM THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
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each provided anteriorly with a pair of strong curved canines and laterally with a single row of short 
close-set conic teeth; lower jaw strong, its outline very convex; preorbital nearly vertical and very 
deep; preopercle and opercle smooth, with membranous edges, the latter produced somewhat in a 
broad rounded flap; origin of dorsal but little posterior to orbit, far in advance of base of ventrals; 
first 2 dorsal spines somewhat removed from third but connected to it by a low membrane, their length 
scarcely greater than the gajie of mouth ; remaining dorsal spines short and weak, scarcely equaling 
gape; soft dorsal low, the rays slightly longer than the spines; anal similar to soft dorsal, rays some- 
what longer; caudal slightly convex, rays 2 in head; outer ray of each ventral somewhat produced, 
not reaching vent, the length about 1.9 in head; pectoral broad, the longest rays 1.7 in head; scales 
large, thin, smooth, firmly attached, those on breast somewhat reduced; head naked, except about 4 
series of small scales extending from eye downward to level of mouth; lateral line curving abruptly 
upward from upper end of gill-opening, following contour of back to the scale under third dorsal ray 
from last where it drops 3 rows and continues to base of caudal, the pores simple, unbranched. 
Color in life (field No. 03123), pale, yellowish white over head and body; a diffuse lemon-vellow 
blotch underand above pectoral; a large brownish-black blotch on lateral line under seventh to tenth 
dorsal spines; dorsal fin yellowish-white, tip of detached part with a jet-black crescent ( this marking 
variable in position, it sometimes being farther posterior), rest of fin faintly mottled with yellowish 
and olive, the latter in narrow oblique lines; caudal yellowish white; anal yellowish white, with 
narrow, wavy, pale-blue lines, and a large jet-black spot bordered with blue on membrane of last 5 
rays; iris whitish. 
Color in alcohol, creamy yellowish white; head somewhat orange on cheek and opercles; faint 
rosy lines downward from eye to mouth and on preopercle; median line of anterior profile bluish; 
middle of back with a large black or brownish black blotch lying on lateral line, beneath which is a 
large white blotch under and above pectoral fin ; anterior part of spinous dorsal blackish at edge, the 
color ocellated, rest of dorsal yellowish white with narrow purplish cross-lines; anal similar, with a 
large jet-black spot on last 4 rays; caudal color of soft dorsal; pectoral and ventrals yellowish white. 
Color in alcohol, of one of the female cotypes (No. 03372), pale olivaceous, the general color that 
of the male; dorsal with black spots on membranes of second, third to fourth, and eighth spines, the 
latter ocellated; a series of about a dozen small black spots back of the dorsal blotch on side above 
lateral line; no black spot on anal. 
The above description based upon the type, No. 50644, U. S. N. M. (field No. 03414), a male 
example, 8.5 inches long, obtained at Honolulu. 
Another specimen, also a male (field No. 03371), was in life, livid gray; each scale posteriorly 
with a vertical spot of violet; anterior line of profile bright violet; a violet line downward from eye 
with a whitish area behind it on cheek; an oblique violet line downward and backward from 
opercular flap to behind axil; behind this a vague yellow area, behind which is an ovate white spot, 
each scale around which has a vertical bar of bright violet; above this a large black blotch washed 
with brick-red; dorsal bluish-gray, the rays posteriorly with an increasing amount of orange, where 
the blue is reduced to oblique crossbands, an intermarginal line of violet, a small black spot on last 
ray; membranes of second to fourth dorsal spines with a terminal black ocellus; anal pale golden, 
with oblique bluish stripes, a large jet-black ocellus bordered with blue on last rays; caudal pale 
orange, crossed by bluish lines; ventrals and pectoral pale. 
Still another male example (field No. 03004) was described as follows: General color very pale 
smoky white, edges of scales pale bluish, beneath seventh to ninth dorsal spines a large blotch, brick-red 
above, pale rosy below, all irregularly overlaid with black or brown; median line from tip of snout 
to base of first dorsal spine bright blue; a narrow bright blue line downward from anterior part of eye 
to angle of mouth; region above pectoral pale lemon yellow, a short oblique pale blue line above base 
of pectoral; dorsal pale flesh-color, with short vertical bluish lines, with 3 jet-black spots at tips of first, 
second, and fourth spines; anal pale yellowish, a black spot on distal half of last 3 rays; caudal pale, 
with obscure bluish cross-lines; pectoral and ventrals white; iris yellowish, red at lower posterior angle. 
Another example, a female (field No. 03372), 7.5 inches long, from Honolulu, which is taken as 
a cotype, differed in life coloration from the male in lacking the black ocellus on the anal and in 
having more violet on the white lateral spot, also more golden before it; violet lines and spots obscure, 
but present; 3 to 8 small blackish points above lateral line behind black dorsal blotch; a small black 
ocellus on second to third dorsal spines and one on seventh dorsal spine, these wanting in some 
females; fins otherwise colored as in the males, but the blue fainter and the orange of dorsal brighter. 
F. C. £. 1902—13 
