194 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
Another female example (field No. 03005) differed in color from field No. 03004 only in the 
absence of black on the dorsal and anal fins, the paler blue lines on head, the paler caudal fin, and in 
having black spots on the back. Another female example (field No. 03271), 7.5 inches long, in life 
had the head and body smoky white; a large bluish white spot under tip of pectoral; snout bluish 
around border and surrounded by a broad pale yellow space involving nearly all of anterior half of 
side below level of eye; a large black spot under fifth to sixth dorsal spines, crossing lateral line and 
penetrating yellow of side, nearly reaching white spot; back of this a series of about a dozen small 
black specks, scattered along side above lateral line to near end of dorsal fin; median line of snout 
and head blue; dorsal pale, with wavy yellow cross-lines, pinkish toward margin; caudal pale; anal 
pale, with about a dozen pale yellow crossbars; pectoral and ventrals pale; iris yellow and red. 
This beautiful and abundant species is represented in our collection by 41 specimens, 19 of which 
are males and 22 females. The differences in coloration of the two sexes are very marked. The 
male, in all specimens examined, lias the jet-black spot upon the last rays of the anal, a marking 
which is not present in any of the females examined. The female always has a series of small black 
specks on the side above lateral line posterior to the large lateral blotch. These markings, the small 
black spots on the side of the female and the large jet-black spot on the anal of the male, would 
apparently always serve to distinguish the two sexes. 
The extent of variation in color among individuals of the same sex is indicated in the color 
descriptions given above. We should have added that occasionally there is a small jet-black spot 
upon the last rays of the dorsal. 
This is one of the most abundant and beautiful species found among the Hawaiian Islands. It 
appears to be related to H. melanopus of Bleeker, but differs from it markedly in the presence of the 
large black lateral blotch and in the absence of the large red lateral blotch shown in Bleeker’ s figure. 
This species is named for Mr. Albertus H. Baldwin in recognition of his paintings of American 
and Hawaiian fishes. 
Field 
No. 
Length. 
Sex. 
Locality. 
Final disposition o£ specimens. 
Field 
No. 
Length. 
Sex. 
Locality. 
i 
03414 
Inches. 
8.5 
Male .. 
Honolulu. . . 
Type, No. 50644, U. S. N. M. 
05603 
Inches. 
8.5 
Male . . . 
Honolulu. 
03123 
8.8 
Male .. 
do 
Cotype, No. 2713, U. S. F. C. 
05604 
8.5 
do ... 
Do. 
03372 
7.5 
Fern . . . 
do 
Cotype, No. 2714, U. S. F. C. 
05605 
8.5 
do ... 
Do. 
03371 
7.5 
Male .. 
do 
Cotype, No. 7462, L. S. .Tr. Univ. Mus. 
05606 
7.75 
— do ... 
Do. 
03004 
7 
do 
Cotype, No.3961, Field Col. Mus. 
Cotype, No. 3962, Field Col. Mus. 
Cotype, No. 7462, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus. 
05609 
6. 75 
Fem 
Do. 
03005 
6. 25 
Fern . . . 
do 
05627 
9.2 
Male ... 
Do. 
03271 
7.25 
Fem . . . 
do 
05628 
7.6 
Fem 
Do. 
-4)3084 
6.5 
Fem . . . 
do 
Cotype, No. 50645, U. S. N. M. 
05629 
8.2 
Male ... 
Do. 
05438 
05589 
8.25 
7.25 
Male .. 
Fem . . . 
Hilo 
05630 
8.5 
Do 
Honolulu... 
Cotvpe, No. , M. C. Z. 
05631 
8. 5 
do ... 
Do. 
05439 
7.5 
Male . . 
Hilo 
Cotype, No. 2290, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 
05632 
8.6 
Fem 
Do. 
05591 
6.2 
Fem . . . 
Honolulu. . . 
Cotype, No. 2291, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 
05633 
7 
do ... 
Do. 
05465 
9.25 
Male .. 
do 
Cotype, No. 24219, Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 
06634 
7 
do ... 
Do. 
05599 
6.8 
Fem . . . 
do 
Cotvpe, No. 24220, Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 
05635 
7 
do ... 
Do. 
05586 
8.25 
Male .. 
do 
Cotype, No. 9809, Mus. Ind. Univ. 
05636 
6.25 
do ... 
Do. 
05600 
6.5 
Fem . . . 
do 
Cotype, No. 9810, Mus. Ind. Univ. 
Cotvpe, No. 1495, Cal. Ac. Sci. 
05637 
6.5 
do ... 
Do. 
05587 
8.6 
Male .. 
do 
05639 
6.25 
do ... 
Do. 
05607 
7.4 
Fem . . . 
do 
Cotype, No. 1496, Cal. Ac-. Sci. 
05640 
6.25 
do ... 
Do. 
05588 
8 
Male . . 
Cotype, No. 1696, Bishop Mus. 
Cotype. No. 1697, Bishop Mus. 
0564 1 
6.2 
do . . . 
Do. 
05608 
7 
Fem . . . 
do 
05642 
5.75 
do ... 
Do. 
03124 
8.75 
Male .. 
do 
O. P.J. 
a 624 
6.5 
Male . . . 
Honolulu. 
a Collected by Jordan & Snyder. 
39. Xyrichthys niveilatus Jordan & Evermann, new species. 
Head 3.3 in length; depth 2.4; eye 6.2 in head; snout 1.8; preorbital 2; maxillary 3; interorbital 
4.7; I). ii-vii, 12; A. in, 12; scales 3-28-8. 
Body short, deep, and very greatly compressed; anterior profile nearly vertical from tip of upper 
jaw to front of eye, thence in a parabolic curve to dorsal fin; anterior dorsal outline very trenchant; 
body tapering rather evenly from head to caudal peduncle, which is greatly compressed and very 
deep, depth at middle equaling preorbital; head short; snout very short and blunt; mouth small, hor- 
izontal, the maxillary nearly reaching anterior edge of orbit; jaws equal, each with a pair of strong 
curved canines in front, and a single series of smaller, conic teeth laterally, the canines of lower jaw 
most prominent and extending in front of upper jaw; eye small, high up; the interorbital space narrow 
and trenchant; opercles smooth, without spines or serrations, ending in thin flexible edges; preorbital 
