SHORE FISHES OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
519 
interorbital space, whence it abruptly curves upward over the greatly swollen occipital region; 
snout slender and pointed; lower jaw projecting slightly beyond upper; mouth closing completely; 
teeth in a single series in each jaw, large, smooth-edged, close set, firmly embedded, the anterior ones 
somewhat longer than the others; median canines absent; five small teeth on the vomer; nostril 
tubes equal in height to diameter of pupil; posterior nostrils without rims, located above and just 
j posterior to border of eye; orbit round; width of space between eyes equal to half the distance 
between tip of snout and center of pupil; gill-opening located on a level with eye, the slit equal in 
width to diameter of eye; origin of dorsal on a vertical midway between gill-opening and corner of 
mouth, fin membrane thick and fleshy; height of fin near middle of tail equal to half the length of 
snout; anal inserted immediately behind vent, appearing as a ridge of skin, the highest part about 
0.6 diameter of eye; length of caudal equal to vertical diameter of eye. 
Color gray, with fine brown reticulations over which is a coarse network of brown bands. 
Color in alcohol white, tinged with brown, more clear along the upper lip, on lower jaw, and on 
belly; finely clouded and reticulated with brown, except on jaws and anal fin, all overlaid with a 
brown-colored, coarse network of rather broad bands, the meshes becoming finer on head and broken 
up into elongate, crooked spots on jaws; gill-opening brown; dorsal with oblique bars which connect 
with reticulations of body; anal blackish brown, with a broad, white border. 
This description is of the type, No. 50867, U. S. Nat. Mus., an example 93 cm. long, obtained in 
the Honolulu market through the kindness of Mr. E. Louis Berndt. Two other specimens of about the 
same size were likewise obtained. One has the fine reticulations less distinct than those of the type 
and the bands of the coarse ones a little narrower, about equal to width of pupil; the snout measures 
0.22 of the head, jaws equal. The other, a female, 78 cm. long (cotype, No. 12791, L. S. Jr. Univ. 
Mus.), when compared with the type has a more slender head, the occipital region being less swollen; 
the color is similar, except that the bands of the large reticulations are narrower and the dorsal is 
conspicuously, though narrowly, edged with white; there are two large, depressible fangs in the 
anterior median portion of the upper jaw. 
G. berndti may be distinguished from all other Hawaiian eels by the broad brown reticulations on 
the body. 
Named for Mr. E. Louis Berndt, the efficient inspector of fisheries in Honolulu. 
30. Gymnothorax mucifer Snyder, new species. Plate 5, fig. 9. 
Head, measured to gill-opening, 0.43 of trunk; depth 0.44 of head; snout 0.21; cleft of mouth 
0.43. Snout rather slender and pointed, jaws equal, closing completely; teeth in one series, slender, 
lance-like with slight constrictions near base, their edges smooth; 3 depressible median canines in upper 
jaw, the longest (posterior) one equal in length to diameter of eye; a row of small, sharp teeth on the 
vomer; eye midway between tip of snout and angle of mouth; width of space between eyes contained 
twice in snout; gill-opening a narrow slit, equal to diameter of eye, located on a level with upper lip; nostril 
tubes equal in length to half diameter of eye; posterior nostrils with scarcely perceptible rims, located 
above and just anterior to eye; origin of dorsal anterior to gill-opening a distance equal to space 
between tip of snout and posterior border of eye; height of fin above gill-opening equal to diameter of 
eye, about 1.33 times as high near middle of tail; the membrane not .very fleshy; anal inserted imme- 
diately behind vent, appearing for much of the length like a thickened fold of the skin. 
Color in alcohol, rich dark brown with flakes of white, which are gathered in clouds and more or 
less definite vertical bars; the flakes scattered rather evenly on head, scarcely perceptible on lower jaw 
and snout; throat and belly lighter than other parts, the white and brown being about equal; dorsal 
growing' darker toward the edge, where it is nearly black, with white flakes like those of the body 
arranged in oblique bars; anal edged with white; corner of mouth dark; no spot at gill-opening. 
The species is represented by a single example, type, No. 50868, U. S. Nat. Mus., from the Hono- 
lulu market. It measures 34 cm. from tip of snout to vent. The tail, which has been injured, several 
centimeters having been lost, is 37.5 cm. in length. 
31. Gymnothorax xanthostomus Snyder, new species. Plate 5, fig. 10. 
Head, measured to gill-opening, 0.125 of the length, 0.22 of tail; depth 0.68 of head; snout 0.2; 
cleft of mouth 0.62. Snout acutely rounded, lower jaw projecting slightly; profile from tip of snout 
to interorbital area convex and gently rising, that of occipital region rising abruptly, nuchal muscles 
well developed; diameter of eye 0.4 length of snout; width of space between eyes 0.78 of snout; 
mouth closing completely, the cleft extending about one-third its length beyond posterior margin of 
