524 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
78. Carangus helvolus (Forster). Honolulu. 
The locality from which Forster obtained this species is not known, but as he visited the Hawaiian 
Islands with Captain Cook it is possible that his specimen came from that region. An example 38 cm. 
long, from the Honolulu market, agrees perfectly with the description of this species. 
Head, including opercular flap, equal, to 0.3 the length to base of caudal fin; depth 0.4; snout 
0.35 of head; lower jaw projecting somewhat beyond upper; maxillary 0.4, reaching to a vertical 
through anterior edge of pupil; eye 0.23, a horizontal from tip of snout passing through center of pupil; 
width of interorbital space 0.35. No teeth on vomer, palatines, or tongue, those of jaws in a single 
series. Tongue dead white in color; roof of mouth similar, becoming abruptly blue-black posteriorly, 
the white extending backward as a V-shaped prolongation; the membranous flap white on the part 
touched by tongue, black on sides; lower jaw below tongue dark, the flap white beneath tongue, 
dark on sides. Head with scales behind the eye and on the cheeks; a narrow, naked space on the 
occiput, extending backward to spinous dorsal; breast naked; plates in straight portion of lateral line 
35, each plate with a keel forming a sharp ridge. D. v, 28; A. i, 22. 
79. Carangus cheilio Snyder, new species. Plate 8, fig. 14. 
Head, measured to end of opercular flap, 0.32 of length to base of caudal; depth 0.36; depth of 
caudal peduncle 0.15 of the length of head; diameter of eye 0.14; width of interorbital space 0.31; 
length of snout 0.43; maxillary 0.37; pectoral fin 0.9; ventrals 0.41; height of first dorsal ray 0.32; 
anal ray 0.28; length of upper lobe of caudal 0.88; D. viii-i, 24; A. ii, 21; scales in lateral series about 
116; between lateral line and spinous dorsal, counting upward and forward, about 23; plates in 
straight portion of lateral line about 38. Snout pointed, anterior contour of head somewhat concave 
in the region of interorbital area. Lower jaw slightly shorter than upper; maxillary not reaching 
a vertical through anterior edge of orbit by a distance about equal to diameter of pupil; lips very thick, 
the width of upper near its middle equal to half diameter of eye; teeth short and blunt, in a single 
series on the jaws; none on vomer and palatines; a few very short teeth on tongue; gillrakers 7+25, 
the longest equal in length to diameter of iris. 
Scales on occiput, interorbital area, cheek, and upper parts of opercles; other parts of head naked; 
body, including breast and a sheath along base of dorsal and of anal with small scales, scales of pos- 
terior part of body with minute ones along their edges; no scales on membranes of fins; lateral line 
a little more curved than contour of back, the straight part beginning below tenth articulated ray. 
Plates highest and broadest near middle of caudal peduncle, their width at that point equal to half the 
width of maxillary at posterior part. First dorsal spine short and closely adnate to second; second 
spine longest, 0.33 of length of head; rayed portion of fin with a scaled sheath along its base, the height 
of anterior part of which is equal to diameter of pupil; posteriorly the sheath gradually grows lower, 
disappearing near end of fin; anal spines thick and strong, their height a little less than diameter 
of pupil; base of fin with a sheath similar to that of dorsal. Caudal deeply forked, the lobes sharply 
pointed; pectoral falcate, sharply pointed; ventrals not reaching anal opening. 
Color silvery, a little darker above than below; upper edge of opercular flap with a dark spot 
about half the size of pupil; axil dusky. 
A single specimen, 77 cm. long, from the Honolulu market. 
Type, No. 50873, U. S. Nat. Mus. 
80. Carangoides ajax Snyder, new species. Plate 8, fig. 15. 
Head, measured to end of opercular flap, 0.28 of the length to base of caudal; depth 0.37; depth 
of caudal peduncle 0.13 of the length of head; diameter of eye 0.2; width of interorbital space 0.29; 
length of snout 0.42; maxillary 0.41; D. 19; A. 16; plates in straight portion of lateral line about 32. 
Anterior profile elevated, the contour rising abruptly to a point above posterior margin of orbit. 
Lower jaw slightly longer than upper; cleft of mouth almost horizontal, maxillary reaching a vertical 
passing through center of pupil; width of suborbital area 0.26 of length of head. Teeth villiform, in 
bands on jaws, vomer, palatines, and tongue. Gillrakers on lower limb of first arch 14, the longest 
equal in length to width of posterior part of maxillary. 
Head naked, except a small area behind and below eye, where there are small, deeply imbedded 
scales. Body mostly naked, there being an irregularly outlined area along lateral line v/ith small, 
imbedded scales; lateral line much more arched than dorsal contour, the highest point of curve just 
anterior to insertion of dorsal, the straight part beginning below base of twelfth dorsal ray; 3 or 4 
posterior plates large, their length about half the depth of caudal peduncle; other plates growing 
