622 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
CLEISTHENES Jordan & Starks, new genus 
Cleisthenes Jordan & Starks, new genus of Pleuronectidx (pinetorum). 
Tliis genus is closely allied to Hippoglossoides, differing in having cycloid scales everywhere in the 
young, and an increased number of gillrakers. The adult has a single row of ctenoid scales along 
anterior base of dorsal and anal,, a few on snout on ridge behind interorbital space, and on opercle. 
The dorsal begins at the orbital rim slightly on the blind side. Eyes and color on right side. 
( Cleisthenes, the effeminate, an Athenian noted by Aristophanes. ) 
109. Cleisthenes pinetorum Jordan & Starks, new species. 
Head 3.66 in length; depth 2.6; D. 76; A. 56; scales 80; upper eye 4.6 in head; snout from upper 
eye 4.6; pectoral of eyed side 2; of blind side 2.5; ventral 3; caudal 1.4. 
Dorsal outline of anterior part of body and head an even concave curve to near tip of snout, broken 
only by protruding upper eye. Upper eye cutting into profile, and ranging nearly vertically upward, 
about two-fifths of it being visible from the blind side. Tip of snout blunt and rounded; mouth rather 
strongly curved; maxillary reaching scarcely to middle of lower eye, not covered along middle of its 
length by the prefrontal as in Hippoglossoides hamiltoni; teeth small, acute, in a single series in each 
jaw, scarcely enlarged anteriorly; nostrils moderate, the anterior in a short tube which does not reach 
to edge of preorbital; preorbital with a blunt spine on anterior edge; eyes about equal in size, 
separated by a flat interspace, covered with cycloid scales; gillrakers slender, equal to half the eye in 
length, 8 to 10 above and 24 to 27 below the angle. 
Cleisthenes pinetorum Jordan & Starks, new species. 
Dorsal tin beginning slightly on blind side at edge of orbit opposite posterior margin of pupil; 
anal preceded by a strong spine; ventrals not reaching to anal (reaching to base of second anal ray 
in young); caudal evenly rounded behind; scales everywhere cycloid and with concentric rings in 
specimens 4 or 5 inches long. 
A specimen 10 inches long lias cycloid scales except a single row of ctenoid scales along base of 
dorsal and anal anteriorly, a few in front and behind the interorbital space, and some on opercles. 
The type (8.5 inches long) has only an occasional ctenoid scale along base of dorsal and anal, and the 
ctenoid scales on head are very sparse. A specimen 7 inches long has only a few ctenoid scales 
remaining on head behind interorbital space. 
Color everywhere dark brown, dorsal and anal a little lighter at base of rays; membrane of caudal 
darker than the rays making longitudinal streaks; dorsal, anal, and caudal of blind side dark toward 
tips of rays. 
The above description is from the type 22 cm. in length; the following is from specimens 11 cm. 
in length (the size of the specimen here figured): 
