626 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
body length; pectoral narrow, pointed, variable in length, the upper edge of its base distant one 
diameter of pupil from upper end of gill slit; ventrals reaching just to front of anal; caudal rounded 
or double truncate, the middle rays projecting beyond outer rays a distance slightly greater than 
half eye. 
Color uniform brown, pectoral and caudal growing black toward tips of rays; no color on blind 
side except black toward end of caudal. 
The type is 18 cm. in length, taken with several cotypes at station 3770, Matsushima Bay, in 42 
to 45 fathoms. Other cotypes were taken near the same locality at stations 3769, 3771 (in 61 fathoms), 
and 3772 (in 79 fathoms) ; at station 3717, off Ose Point, Suruga Bay, in 65 to 125 fathoms, and station 
3699, Suruga Bay, in 400 to 726 fathoms; others were collected by Jordan and Snyder in the market 
at Tokyo, several of which were deposited as cotypes in the Imperial University at Tokyo. Dried 
salted specimens were obtained in the market of Tsuruga. 
The type is No. 51418, U. S. Nat. Mus. Cotypes are Nos. 8390, 8995, 8996, Stanford University. 
The species is named for Mr. T. Kitahara, author of a paper on the Scombridse of Japan. In the 
same journal of the Fisheries Bureau, 1897, the present species is figured by Mr. Otaki as Pleuronectes 
cynoglossus. 
119. Pseudorhombus pentophthalmus Gunther. 
Head 3.33 in length without caudal; depth 2; D. 71; A. 52; pores in lateral line 68; upper eye 5 
in head; snout 3.87; maxillary 2; pectoral (eyed side) 1.75; blind side 2.4; caudal 1.33. 
Body broad and thin, ventral and dorsal outlines evenly curved; snout blunt, obliquely truncated, 
separated from anterior profile by a notch; eyes separated by a narrow sharp ridge which is continu- 
ous backward and upward above cheek; anterior edge of eyes about even, posterior edge of upper one 
a little more posterior than that of lower; mouth much curved, the maxillary reaching to posterior 
edge of lower eye; teeth sharp and curved, set in a single row on each jaw, some of them very slightly 
arrow-shaped at tips; on blind side teeth on premaxillary grow smaller backward and disappear oppo- 
site the middle of length of maxillary; gillrakers moderately slender and long, the longest slightly 
exceeding half diameter of eye, 6+16 in number. Dorsal beginning slightly toward blind side a little 
in front of anterior edge of upper eye, the first ray at notch separating the snout, anterior rays some- 
what produced beyond the membrane; pectoral of eyed side longer than that of blind side; ventrals 
similar in size and position; caudal with the middle rays produced and with no lateral angles, the 
sides being broadly rounded. Scales ctenoid on eyed side, spinules short, sharp, and numerous; 
cycloid on blind side; scales on all fin-rays rather large, even, and ctenoid on eyed side; lateral line 
strongly arched anteriorly, a branch from above gill-opening running to dorsal profile above posterior 
edge of eye, opposite eighth ray of dorsal. The color has nearly all bleached in alcohol. There is 
a dark brown spot narrowly ringed with white just above arch of lateral line, and another two-thirds 
of the head’s length behind it midway between lateral line and outline of back; traces of two sim- 
ilar spots on lower part of side midway between lateral line and ventral outline and slightly behind 
those above. 
We identify this species with Pseudorhombus pentophthalmus described from China and recorded 
by Steindachner from Kobe. It has much in common with Pseudorhombus russelli described from 
Canton by Gray. It seems to differ in color and also in the larger size of the mouth. Pseudorhombus 
arsius from the Ganges, as described by Bleeker, is different from our species, and the names given 
by Richardson to Chinese drawings (Platessa velafracta, Plntessa balteata ) are wholly unidentifiable. 
Pleuronectes chinensis of Lacepede is probably unrecognizable. Pleuronectes chrysopterus of Schneider 
seems to be Pseudorhombus oligolepis. 
A specimen 13 cm. in length was taken by the Albatross at Hakodate in 1896, having been over- 
looked in our earlier studies. A larger one in poor condition was taken in the Bay of Yokohama. 
The latter is so badly preserved that only its anterior half remains. 
The genus Pseudorhombus is distinguished from Paralichthys by the presence of an accessory lateral 
line from the nape running forward and upward to the dorsal fin. The body is deeper than in 
Paralichthys, the mouth is smaller and the teeth are weaker. Rhombiscus, based bv Jordan and 
Snyder on Pseudorhombus cinnamomeus, is identical with Pseudorhombus. 
120. Engyprosopon iijimse Jordan A Starks, new species. (PI. 8, fig. 1.) 
Head 4 in length; depth 2.33 to 2.5; D. 80 to 89; A. 69 to 72; scales 50 to 53; eye 3 in head; 
maxillary 3.5; pectoral of eyed side 1.2; of blind side 3; ventral 2.25; caudal equal to head. Anterior 
profile evenly curved, the orbits not reaching to its edge; eyes separated by a narrow sharp ridge, the 
lower the more anterior; mouth small, the maxillary very much curved and reaching to a little past 
