42 
NATURAL HISTORY , . 
of the structure by means of wild vines and creepers, which are so abundant in these forests. The 
orojecting limb on which the Ape perched was about four feet long. There remains no doubt in my 
mind that these nests are made by the animal to protect it from the nightly rains. When the leaves 
be<nn to dry to that degree that the structure no longer throws off water, the owner builds a new shelter, 
and this happens generally once in ten or fifteen days. At this rate the Nschiego ALbouve is an animal 
of no little industry.” 
Du Chaillu had an excellent opportunity of studying the animal, for he was fortunate enough to 
capture a young one, but was not able to keep it alive for any length of time. 
T) le differences between the outside appearance and the intelligence and temper of this Bald- 
headed Ape and those of the Gorilla are accompanied by certain internal ones. A careful examination 
of the skull of the Tschiego, as its clever French deseriber, Duvernay, calls it, shows that it lias 
smaller ridges, a less prominent muzzle, and a wider and shorter roof of the mouth than the Gorilla. 
The last of the upper crushing, or back teeth, is the smallest. In the Gorilla they are nearly equal in 
size. The lower jaw in the Nseliiego has three nearly 
equal-sized molar or back teeth, and the first and the 
second have five projections or cusps, but the last has 
only four. In the Gorilla it has five cusps. These 
minute differences are probably constant, and therefore 
must not be passed over, although they may seem to be 
of no importance to the creatures. But the classification 
of animals can only depend upon the presence or absence 
of structural peculiarities; and when such and such a 
structure exists in one, and not hi another, they cannot 
both be of the same kind. According to the relation 
of the structure to the life, and according to its being 
constantly found, so is it important in deciding whether 
the u kind ” is a species, or a mere variety or race. 
The great distinction between the two animals is that the Nschiego’s forehead, formed by the 
frontal bone, rises up from the great brow ridge, and is visible from the front. This is not the case 
with the Gorilla, whose forehead recedes greatly. Both animals have the same number of ribs (thirteen), 
but those of the Nseliiego are more man-shaped and are not so broad and close together; and their chests 
differ in breadth, for the breast-bone of the new Ape is narrower, but it is long and thick. The blade- 
bone, so important to the Gorilla, is equally so to the Nschiego, but it is longer and narrower on the 
back, and its spine is very oblique. Possibly this conformation of the hone may have to do with the 
constant climbing of the Bald-headed Ape, hut nevertheless the spines on the neck-bones, which give 
origin to such exceedingly strong muscles in the Gorilla, are much smaller in the Nschiego. The first 
neck-bone, or atlas, has no spine in tliis Ape, in which it is like man, and the axis, or second, lias a 
forked spine, and is crested at the end, but otherwise is like that in man. 
Finally, the rudiment of a tail is like that end of the hack-bone found in the Gorilla and in man. 
These are the principal matters to he noticed, and the most important distinctions ; they show 
that the Nschiego cannot lie of the same kind or species as the Gorilla, but is a Troglodyte, resembling 
the Gorilla somewhat in its skeleton, and although smaller than the male, still quite, if not more, 
man-shaped. 
THE KOOLO-KAMBA* 
This kind of Troglodyte is celebrated for saying koola-koolo over and over again as its favourite 
cry, for having a very extraordinary frog-like figure, and for being one of those creatures which are 
exceedingly interesting to zoologists, because they are, as it were, half one thing and half another. 
A neighbour of the great Apes already noticed, it associates also with the common Chimpanzee, 
in the quiet forests of Western Equatorial Africa. In one of these Du Chaillu first saw it, and he 
describes his discovery as follows : — 
“We had hardly got clear of the Bashikoway ants and their bites when my ears were saluted by 
* Troglodytes Koolo-Kamha (Du Chaillu) ; Troglodytes A itbryi (Gratiolet and Alix). 
