CHAPTER Y. 
THE DOG-SHAPED MONKEYS* — 1. semnopithecus — 2. colobus. 
■General Characteristics of the Monkeys of the Old World Distinguished from the Apes by Length of the Hinder Limbs, 
and presence of Tails Divided into those with and those without Cheek-pouches — Use of the Cheek -pouches- The 
two Genera of Pouchless Monkeys— The Sacked Monkeys, or Semnopitheci— Derivation of the Name— First Dis- 
covery— Ape Worship in India— General Description Limited to Asia— The Simpai Its Locality and Appearance— 
The Butjkng— Hunted for their Fur- Its Colour and Appearance— 1 The Long-nosed Monkey— Reason of the Name 
— Quaint Appearance of the Young -Anatomical Peculiarities— Their First Appearance in Europe — Description of 
the Nose— Peculiar Formation of the Stomach Bezoars— The Hoonuman Monkey— The Sacred Monkey of the 
Hindoos — Legends about it — The Doug Monkey — Its Appearance and Habitat — The Black-legged Douc — 
Anatomical Peculiarities— The Crowned Monkey— The Red Monkey— The Sumatra Monkey— The White- 
bearded Monkey— Found in Ceylon— Its Intelligence— The Great Wanderoo— Other Ceylonese Monkeys— 
The Genus Colobus, or Thumbless Monkeys— Description of the Hand and Wrist— Different Varieties— COLOBUS 
Verus — Colobus Guereza — Their Habitat and Peculiarities — Fossil Semnopitheci. 
The Apes which have formed the subject of the previous chapters, and which, from their greater or less 
resemblance to man, have been called the Anthropomorplia , have long arms, short legs, and no tails. 
The great length of the fore limb distinguishes them not only from man, but also from all the other 
Quadrumana, and so does the relative shortness of the hinder limbs. The length of limb is thus 
sufficient to afford data for classifying the Quadrumana of the Old World in two great groups, 
-of which the Anthropomorplia form the first, and the rest of the Monkeys the second. In 
these the fore limb is invariably the shortest , and the hinder one the longest ; so that there is exactly 
the reverse condition of that observed in the great Apes. With regard to the tail question, it may 
be stated that, whilst many species have very long tails, others have them of moderate length, and 
a few have none. 
The Monkeys of this second group, or the Cynomorpha, all of which live in the Old World, 
have a thin division (septum) between the nostrils, whose openings look downwards, or downwards 
and outwards. They are Catarrhine Quadrumana (see page 3), and many have cheek-pouches, but 
not all, whilst all have the peculiar pads, more or less brightly coloured, which are placed 
where the animal sits, or on the swelling of the haunch-bone. All these Old World Monkeys 
have the same number of teeth as the Apes already described, and arranged in the same manner, 
and most have a laryngeal or air pouch ; but there is great diversity in their size, shape, and 
in the method of progression of the body and shape of the head, and also in the construction 
of the brain and internal organs. Moreover, the arrangement of the muscles and of the back- 
bone differ. 
The presence or absence of the cheek-pouches, the peculiarity in the shape of the teeth, the 
shape of the body and limbs, and the method of moving along, are all matters of importance to the 
zoologist, for by them he is enabled to arrange these Monkeys in genera and species, so as to give the 
naturalist the proper name of the kind whose habits he may be studying. Moreover, the comparative 
anatomist, in examining the insides of these creatures, and explaining their peculiarities of internal 
construction, is able to account for many habits and the presence of many structures, as well as bo 
-assist the zoologist. For, a classification, to be good for anything, must be more than skin deep, and 
must depend upon the differences in those parts which are not readily changed by habits or peculiar 
methods of life. 
The Monkeys of the Old World, excluding the great Apes already described, and including 
alone those with long hind limbs, may be divided into those without cheek-pouches and those 
which have them ; and those in the first division form the subject of this chapter. Cheek-pouches 
may be seen crammed with nuts in most of the Monkeys at the Zoological Gardens, and the appear- 
ance given to the face is as if the skin on either side of the lower part of it were distended. When 
there are no nuts thus stowed away, the cheeks do not present a swollen or unusual appearance. The 
Monkey does not force nuts outside its jaws and between them and the cheeks so as to simply distend 
Cynomorjpha . 
