STOMACH OF LONG-NOSED MONKEY. 
9.T 
seeing these creatures ; but one is obliged to admit that those who see a use in ever) thing nav be 
puzzled to account for this superfluity of nose, for this greatest of all noses does not appear to be like 
that of the Wolf in Little Red Riding Hood, “all the better to smell with.” 
Rut some philosophy may be got out of this nose, and it tends to humiliate the pretensions of 
those anatomists who can restore an animal if they can only get hold of a bone or two. 
This nose is an anatomical excrescence : cut it off, and no bones are cut through ; dissect the skull,, 
and then no one could tell that there ever had been such a feature attached to it. The dry bones show 
no sign of what was during life, and the skull resembles those of the other Semnopitlieci. So that animals, 
with the same shaped bones may have very different coverings, and no one could restore the nose of 
this creature out of his inward consciousness any more than he could imagine, from the back-bones of 
the animals, that camels and dromedaries have humps thereon. 
The animal has a huge air sac, which appears to be single, and to enter the windpipe above the 
larynx cartilage, and between it and the bone of the tongue. It opens into the membrane which 
connects these structures (the thyroid membrane) on the left side, and the opening can be closed by the 
contraction of the muscles which reach from the tongue-bone (os hyoides) to the larynx cartilage 
(thyroid cartilage — the thy vo-hyoid muscles). 
But the most interesting part of the internal construction of Nasal is is the great stomach, which 
does not consist of a simple bag, with an opening for the food to enter from the gullet and oesophagus,, 
or food pipe, and with another at the opposite end to cany 
the digested food to the intestines, but is complex, there 
being three bags united together. The first two of these 
bags are for the storage and reception of food, and the 
other, which ends in the canal leading to the intestines, is 
for its digestion. This compound stomach is peculiar to 
the Semnopitlieci and the Colobi amongst the Monkeys. It 
exists in the most perfect form in the animals which chew 
the cud or ruminate, such as oxen. It is noticed also, more 
or less, in the Cetacea, or Whale tribe, in the Sloths, in the 
Cony, or Hyrax, in the fruit-eating Bats of the genus 
Pteropus, and finally in some Kangaroo-like animals. It is 
possible that the Semnopitlieci may bring back more food into the mouth and chew it again, or 
the first two expansions of the stomach may be really simple receptacles and storehouses grown 
in the place of the cheek-pouches ; or the condition may be a reversion, or going back, to the 
condition of some remote ancestor. 
The large intestine is also very bulged out here and there, and this and the large stomach occupy 
much space in the cavity of the belly, compressing the bowels within smaller bounds than in the- 
larger Monkeys. 
Bezoars are found in the sacs of the stomach of the different kinds of Semnopitlieci, and were and 
may be still much prized. They are potent charms and remedies against poisons, and are supposed to 
possess extraordinary virtues. The name comes from the Persian, writes the learned author of the 
article “Bezoars,” in the “Penny Cyclopaedia ” — Fed-zahr, expelling poison, the expeller of poison.. 
“ Ped ” is relieving and curing, and “ Zahr ” is poison. Bezoars are sometimes found in various parts,, 
but chiefly in the stomachs of land animals. They are either natural or artificial, and as they are rare, 
they are worth many times their weight in gold. Those which were most esteemed in Europe came 
from the East, and were the earliest used. The most highly prized came from the stomachs of the. 
wild goat of Persia, and they were called by way of eminence, Lapis Bezoar Orientalis, and all such 
things which were supposed to be antidotes were called Bezoardic . They are still esteemed in the 
East, but have long fallen into disuse in Europe, the chemist and the naturalist having abolished their 
value by exposing their real nature. They are the round hard balls which are found in the stomach*, 
of many animals, and which consist of hair licked off and swallowed, and food of every clinging nature 
cemented together by mucus. They get too large to pass out of the stomach, either by vomiting or by 
going through the small canal into the intestine, and therefore become round by being rolled about,, 
and often very great. Very large ones are discovered in some horses which are found at work near flour 
