106 
NATURAL HISTORY. 
watching their treatment of, and method of educating, their little ones. One in Paris had three 
baby Monkeys, one after the other, and succeeded in rearing one, the others dying. She constantly 
carried it, holding it close to her, so that its little mouth was always close to the breast ; but after a 
while, as it became stronger, it clung on by itself, holding on fast with its hands to the mother’s fur, and 
helped itself whenever it thought lit. Then the mother appeared to pay no especial attention to the 
little one, and jumped and rushed about as if it had not the little burden. The father was anything 
but paternal, and boldly neglected the education of his child ; in fact, he was cpiite indifferent to the 
mother as well, and even behaved brutally by seeking to quarrel with her. Once or twice he 
maltreated her, and pinched the baby, so he was locked up by himself. 
This careless treatment doubtless accounts for tho rapid independence of the young of the 
Guenons, who soon retaliate on their fathers and mothers for all the enjoyments they did not have at 
their hands, by endless teasings and scoldings. But all Monkeys are not thus unpaternal and 
unnatural, and the Baboon is singularly affectionate. At the time that the Grivet — the above- 
mentioned Guenon — was seen in one cage outraging all good feeling, two Chacma Baboons were in 
another, and the difference in their behaviour was most edifying. In the one cage sat the solitary 
mother and its offspring, the father having been removed for his bad temper and brutal conduct ; and 
in the other were several male Baboons surrounding two Baboon mothers and their two little ones, 
caressing the mothers with the most pronounced evidences of tenderness of feeling, taking them hi 
their arms and pressing them to their hearts, and embracing them in a manner quite human. They 
squabbled about who was to have the pleasure of carrying the Baboon babies, and after having passed 
them from one to the other, returned each one to its own mother. 
As these Guenons walk on all-fours and but rarely take on the erect posture, which, moreover, 
they cannot maintain, their muscles are not exactly the same as in the Troglodytes and Orangs, but 
they resemble those of the Semnopitlieci. The Guenons, like the Macaques and Baboons — those great 
runners on all-fours — have a special muscle to assist in pulling the shoulder-blade forward, and thus 
to assist the forward motion of the body. Then, in order to drag the elbow backwards in moving 
on all-fours, and to assist also in climbing, one of the large muscles of the back sends a slip to the 
back of the elbow. Climbing is also assisted by an addition to the gluteal or buttock muscles, which 
is called the scansorius or climbing muscle. And in the foot the front muscle of the leg has two 
masses ; one sends a tendon which goes to the inner and front bone of the ankle, and the other 
right under the foot to the inner side of the long bone (metatarsal), which supports the toe-thumb. 
The result of its action is to turn in the foot with a view to holding on. Finally, the two long 
muscles which Ilex or bend down the toe-thumb and the other toes are not separate, but are connected 
by their tendons. So that there is not great independence of the toe-thumb, but all the toes act more 
or less simultaneously very readily. But the other muscles of it give it more mobility than in 
/nan. Their muscular energy is immense, and their power of using the thumb is very considerable, 
and they pick out each other’s vermin with well-known ease. 
In separating the numerous kinds of Guenons into kinds or species, paying a good amount of attention 
to their internal as well as external structures, that is to say, to their teeth and skull, as well as to 
their form, it becomes evident that some large ones form a group which closely resemble the others, 
but which still have more general likeness to the Monkeys which form the subject of tbe next 
chapter — the Macaques. These have been placed in a separate genus, but the necessity for doing so 
is not apparent, especially when the remarks made in the Introduction upon the true nature of 
classification are comprehended. So the so-called genus Cercocebus (tdpKos, tail ; k?i&qs, monkey) is 
omitted, and the Monkeys included in it by some authors are to be considered as the kinds which link 
on the Baboons and Macaques to the Guenons. Besides these, some Guenons are stronger and stouter 
than others, their skins being green, or tinted more or less with that colour, and another is of a bright 
red colour. So that several sets of the Guenons may he established for the sake of convenience — 
1. The smaller kinds usually with prominent white markings. 2. One having a green skin and a black 
lmse, and only three points or cusps on its hind lower molars. 3. The larger kinds with decidedly 
green tints, one being bright red. 4. And the group often called Cercocebus, which resemble the others, 
bin liave a fifth cusp on the last lower grinder on each side. 
Amongst the first kind the Diana Monkey is very well known, and visitors to the Monkey-house in 
