114 
NATURAL HISTORY. 
wonderfully in their colour and disposition. The difference has been caused by something more than 
adaptation to ends. Again, it is curious to note the different arrangements of the dental structure in 
the group amongst animals eating the same food and stowing it away in pouches.* 
CHAPTER VII. 
THE DOG-SIIAFED MONKEYS [continued) — 4. the macaques.! 
Their Description and Anatomy, and its reference to that of the Semnopitheci and Guenons- The Common Macaque— 
Its Character — Appropriateness of the Name — Occasionally an Albino —The Round-Faced Macaque— Found in 
China— Ideas of the Chinese about them— The Toque, or Bonnet Monkey— The Bh under — Described by Cuvier 
—Their Thieving Propensities -Hindoo Tales of their Sagacity -The Moor Monkey— Belanger’s Monkey— The 
Pig-Tailed Macaque— The Magot — One of the Commonest Monkeys —Described by Galen— Early Notices of— 
Predatory Habits -Abundant at Gibraltar— Probably come over from Africa— Similarity to the Baboons— The 
Wanderoo — Account of one in the Zoological Society’s Collection — Geographical range of the Macaques. 
The next group of Monkeys differs much from the lively dwellers amongst the woods and trees, 
which have been described, and the kinds contained in it are evidently suited for running quickly on all- 
fours, and more on the ground than amongst the branches. They are not so much like the Dog in shape 
as are the Baboons, which will be described next, but still they are, as it were, between these and the 
Guenons in their habits and construction. They have longer muzzles than the Guenons, but not so long as 
the Baboons, and the nostrils open high up and obliquely. Their eyes are overshadowed by a prominent 
brow-ridge, which gives an air of cunning not seen in the playful Guenons, and also a look of fierceness and 
of mistrust ; and, in fact, the old ones look anything but amiable. Their limbs are stout and compactly 
made, and they display great strength and width in the shoulders. The hind limbs are, however, 
longer than the front ones, and the hands and feet are well made, the latter being long and having a 
large heel. But what strikes the observer, when he sees drawings or stuffed specimens of the whole 
group before him, is the difference in the length of the tail in different species. Some have long 
tails, others have very small ones, and one in particular has not one at all. Those with tails used to 
be placed in one genus, and those without them in another • and the first were called Macaques 
( Macacus ), the others being InuiJ ( Inuus ). But the close agreement of the other parts of the body, 
notwithstanding the length or absence of the tail, coupled with the fact that it is not used in 
climbing or in balancing, determined naturalists to rely hut little upon that member in this group, 
and to join those with tails and without tails in one genus, called Macacus. 
Those with long tails, the Macacus eynomolgus , for instance, cause the group to resemble the 
Guenons ; or, in other words, link and ally the two genera, it being difficult in the case of this Monkey 
to say to which one it should belong. On the other hand, the Barbary Ape, which managed to 
get to Gibraltar and live there in some numbers, and which has but the very stump of a tail, con- 
nects the whole group, or genus, with the Baboons without tails. Then there is one with a fine 
head of hair, and a long snout ( Macacus Silenus), which lives in Malabar, and which has a longish 
tufted tail ; and it links some Baboons with long tails to the group now being described. 
The Macaques live in India, Tibet, North and South China, Japan, and southwards, and in 
some of the great islands of the Archipelago, Formosa, in Africa, in Barbary, but not south of the 
Atlas range, and in Europe, on the Rock of Gibraltar. 
They all have cheek-pouclies and callous pads, or callosities, on their seat, and thus resemble the 
# In the Cercopitheci the skull has a large brain-ease, and that part on which the brain and cerebellum rest is concave 
or pitted on the petrosal bone, and on either side of the crista galli in the fore part of the skull. In general there is a 
laryngeal pouch. The first premolar is like that of the Semnopitheci. The other anatomical peculiarities of these and 
of the Semnopitheci will be found in the description of the Macaques and Baboons. 
f Macacus, or Imuvs. 
J A name of the Roman divinity Faunus. 
