118 
NATURAL HISTORY. 
Timor, and in tlie Philippines. It is a quiet and tolerably amiable Monkey when young, but with 
years, it becomes a wild, savage, and very brutal creature. Even in menageries it is often nasty in its 
habits, and savage. So bad a character has it, that when the proper name to give it came under the 
criticism of Fred. Cuvier, he sought out those of all the wickedest and naughtiest men in Lempriere’s 
Classical Dictionary, and finally considering that frus, who disturbed the domestic peace of the sublimely 
virtuous, industrious, and persevering Penelope, was the worst of the worst, he fixed his name to that 
of this Monkey. But Billion had, not from his bad qualities, or from any resemblance to the Monkey 
in disposition, his name attached to it long before; so it was called Buffon’s Monkey, as well as 
the Hare-lipped, although one fails to recognise this condition in its face. To complicate matters, an 
English zoologist, who knew little of Penelope’s feelings or trials, mistook the word Irus, and wrote it 
Iris ! The word Cynomolgus may be translated “ a pilfering or a lewd dog,” so that it and Irus 
are very appropriate. 
The huge shoulders of the full-grown adult strike one, and its general clumsiness also. There is 
a large body, and the limbs are short for it, although the tail is long. The fur is rather short, and is of 
an olive-brown, spotted with black on the head and body, but it is grey on the limbs, and blackish 
on the tail. There is no “hare-lip” in this Monkey, but there is no hollow going from the nose to the 
upper lip as in man, and only a raised line. 
This Monkey is sometimes found perfectly white, with red eyes, or as an albino ; its skin is 
then of a pinkish colour, and the long tail looks very curious, as there is not much hair on it. A 
male and female ot this kind are very interesting in the Zoological Gardens; they dislike the glare of 
day, and are very lively and full of fun and malice. The female has the whiskers and all the beauty 
of hair, and the male is a quieter animal, but a great grimace-maker. He tries to look fierce when 
the sun is on his face, and looks most odd. He draws back his ears, so that they cling to the back 
of his head, and wobbles his eyes about in a most laughable manner. The female does not like to be 
disturbed in her nap after breakfast, and comes out to see what is the matter. If anything noisy 
is going by, she scolds violently, and if she can catch hold of her drinking-tin, she will bang it about in 
a very amusing manner. Sitting in her wooden house, she bangs the outside with the tin, and then 
dropping it, rushes out and fixes her teeth on the wooden branches in the cage. The deficiency of 
colouring matter in the iris of the eye allows so much light to enter that organ, that there is the same 
scowling or shading eye look in them as there is in human albinos. 
The second example of a long-tailed genus is 
THE EOTJND-FACED MACAQUE * THE FORMOSAN MONKEY. 
These are very interesting Monkeys, with a human-like expression, which suffer considerably at 
the hands of the Chinese, for should one be captured, its tail is immediately cut ofi, the Chinese 
having a fanciful idea that the tail of the Monkey is a caricature of the Tartar pendant into which 
they twist their long back hair. They therefore cut off the tail of every Macaque that comes into their 
possession. 
They live in Formosa about the declivities and caverns which overhang the sea, miles away 
from any woods. It seems to be quite a rock-loving animal, seeking the shelter of the caves during 
the greater part of the day, and assembling in parties in the twilight and feeding on berries, the tender 
shoots of plants and grasshoppers, Ac. In the summer it collects in bands during the night, and 
commits depredations among the fields of sugar-cane and fruit-trees. They nurse their solitary young 
ones up in the hills, and betray much uneasiness — no wonder — at the approach of man. They seem, 
however, to possess abundance of self conceit. 
The Chinese have some very curious notions about them, and about some other Monkeys which 
are either identical or are found with them. They say that in the \ aoukwang hills are animals 
whose exterior appearance is like a Mellow with human face and Hogs’ bristles. During the summer 
they dwell in caves. They are called Hwatso, their cry is like cut water (noise of a mill), and when 
seen they are “ominous of a conscription” (i.e., of being forced to work). The Yew are like the 
Mellow and of a deep black colour ; their tails are long like the others, but have no tufts. When 
* Macacus cyclopis: 
