134 NATURAL HISTORY . 
scent. Their eyes are close together, and are deeply set, their ears are moderately large, and their 
neck is rather long, and as their common position is squatting on the hinder quarters like a Dog, 
the long muzzle is kept straight out, or occasionally is hung down over the chest. They have a short 
body, which seems compressed at the sides, and the shoulders are wide, the chest being capacious. 
As they run very much like Dogs, the hind quarters are strong, and the hinder limbs longer than the 
front ones, and have a. decided heel and strong muscles. They trot and canter, but rarely bound or jump 
over the ground, and they scramble and climb up rocks with the aid of the power of prehension, which is 
great even in the hinder extremities: the thumb being strong but short. When standing on all-fours, 
the shoulders are high, and the body slopes slightly to the tail, which is stuck high up, and some have 
short and others long tails. 
They have the cheek-pouches, and the curious callosities on their stern, which sometimes are 
very large and vividly coloured; and their hair is many-coloured, being long or short according to the 
species. The tail is curved upwards close to its origin, and then it droops downwards when the Baboon is 
quiet in mind and body; but when excited, it sticks out and is flourished about with great vigour. 
Sometimes ended with a tuft, in some kinds it is not, and in one or two of the great Dog-headed there is 
no tail, or only a miserable rudiment of it. In spite of their brutal looks — for tire faces of some are 
swollen out, or rather the side of the nose, and coloured and ridged in a marvellously ugly manner — 
they are very interesting, on account of their habits, cleverness, sociability amongst themselves, and 
their courage. Usually very amiable and full of fun when young, they alford much amusement when 
kept well and treated with kindness. They like to be petted, and will present their backs to be 
scratched, and may be taught to beg for food, to hold things, and to play endless tricks. This u jolly 
disposition is seen amongst the wild youngsters, who are ever on the watch for an occurrence of 
mischief and practical joking, the sedate behaviour of their elders affording opportunities for endless 
mummeries and impudences. What can be more tempting to a young and light-hearted Lynocephalus 
than to disturb the solemn thoughts of the patriarch of the troop i There sits the elder of elders on his 
haunches, his tail outspread behind, the long nose slightly stuck up, and the fine long mane, lion-like, 
encircling the throat and covering the shoulders. Perched upon a block of stone, higher than the rest, 
he is an object of reverential awe to the elders of the band. But often enough some restless little 
Ape, after squatting on a stone and mimicking the Nestor of the tribe, forgets himself, and after much 
dodging here and there, and running to and fro, ventures to pull that sacred tail as only Monkeys pull. 
All the rage of Thotli is, however, slumbering in that quiet old male. His caves and watchings have 
triumphed over any gaiety he ever had. Making no allowances for the follies of youth, he pounces 
without wavering on the offender. Squeals, squeaks, and howls follow the cuffs, pinches, and bites, and 
the little wretch makes off to the bosom of his mother, who snarls, grins, and shows her teeth, using 
language awful in monkeydom, and mutterings not loud but deep. The mothers in the immediate 
neighbourhood sympathise and proclaim their indignation with low grunts and much pantomime 
suggestive of reprisals, but they all know better than to do anything of the sort, as they have 
experienced the weight of the paternal arm themselves so often. 
With age, any amiability of disposition is replaced by ferocity and greedy brutality, and is 
particularly increased in captivity, as the temper is usually severely tried by the tricks and teasings 
of the visitors. _ ! 
The Cynocephali, although they are placed after the different genera already described in the 
scheme of classification, have some very singular structural resemblances with the higher Apes and 
with man, besides those which rentier them more like the quadrupeds, such as the flesh-eateis oi 
Carnivora. Several of these will be noticed in describing some of the kinds of Baboons ; but it may be 
stated here that the bend in the back observed in the Chimpanzee and other Apes, which resembles 
that of a very young child more than that of a man, does not exist in these Dog-headed Apes. 
Their bones bend in and the upper part of the hack bends out, as in man, so that there is a 
more or less graceful double curve. This is evident when any Baboon places himself up against 
the wires of his cage to be scratched— a treat under all circumstances. Moreover, the Baboon 
has another human resemblance, which is also observable in the Orangs, but not in the troglodytes. 
In man, if a line be drawn down the spine and another drawn down the sacrum bone (that vliich 
unites the haunch-bones together behind), they will not and form a straight line, but w ill cut 
