154 
NATURAL HISTORY. 
around, tlie use of the muscle being to render the soft palate tense. Why this should be so 
well grown in this Baboon, whose voice is no better than others, is certainly strange. The face 
is made broad near the eyes by the projecting cheek-bones, and the orbits are broad, not widely 
open, and they are separated, as in some of the other Baboons, by a part of the forehead bone (frontal), 
and the upper part of the nose bones (nasals). The nostril opening is very triangular, and on either 
side is the broad smaller surface of the upper jaw-bone. The front bone of the upper jaw is very 
projecting. One is struck with the huge chin of the lower jaw, and how slanting and comparatively 
small are the jowl ends of it. Evidently from the great breadth of the back of the lower jaw, 
and its roughness for muscular attachments, it is a very strong one, the narrow part in front which 
holds the teeth being well moved up and down, and side to side, in biting and masticating. 
Their hands are rather short, the fingers are black, and the third and fourth are of the same 
length ; they are strong and hold well, the thumb, however, being of no very great assistance. 
CHAPTER IX. 
THE DOG-SHAPED MONKEYS {concluded)— 6 . the baboons (2nd division;. 
The Second Division of tlie Baboons— The Mandrill— Easily Distinguished from the rest— Peculiar Appearance and Colour 
of the Face — The Cheek -ridges — Noticed by the Ancients— Brutality of its Disposition “Jerry at the Surrey 
Gardens — Their Wild State — Anatomical Peculiarities —The Back -bone and Liver The Drill Distinguished from 
the Mandrill — Probable Antiquity of these Baboons- -Theories of their Relationship to other Animals— The Black 
Baboon — Its Locality and Description — Probably a Forest Ape — General Summary of the Dog-shaped Quadriunana 
and Classification of the Group. 
THE MANDRILL.* 
This large Baboon is the principal one with a very short stump of a tail, and may be dis- 
tinguished from all others, with and without long tails, by the enormous swellings of its cheeks on 
either side of its nose, and their odd colouring. In general shape it resembles the rest of the genus, 
but perhaps its head and chest may be more bulky, and its limbs shorter and stouter than the 
others, when it has attained its full growth. A full-grown male measures five feet when standing 
upright, and the colour of the hair is a light olive-brown above and silvery-grey beneath, and 
the chin is decorated with a small pointed yellow beard. It has a “ brutus ” in the form of a 
great tuft of hair on the top of the head, Nature having brushed up the hair off the temples and 
forehead upwards, in a peak-shaped ridge on the crown, giving a triangular appearance to the whole. 
The ears are naked and pointed near their tips, and their colour is bluish-black. The muzzle 
and the lips are large, and as it were swollen and projecting, and the former is not only long, 
but is surrounded above with an elevated rim or border, and cut short or truncated like that of 
a Hog. But the most extraordinary features of this ugliest of faces are the projections on either side 
of the nose. These are formed by swellings of the cheek-bones along the base of the great canine 
teeth, and the skin covering them is ribbed, and has ridges which are alternately light blue, scarlet, 
and deep purple in colour, contrasting strangely with the other tints of the hair. To add to the 
strange look, the eyes are deeply sunken, and their colour, a deep hazel, contrasts wfitli a streak of 
vermilion, which reaches down either side of the nose to the lip, and extends upwards in the 
neighbourhood of the brows, which are large and “ beetled.” A forehead would clearly be out of place 
in such a brute, and therefore it recedes rapidly above the eyes, and is lost in the great tuft 
of hair. 
The canine teeth are immense, and when the animal is enraged they and the others 
# Cynocephalus mormon. 
