ANTIQUITY OF THE BABOON 
161 
Africa. The facts upon which this assertion is made will he stated in several consecutive chapters 
of this work, and indeed particular allusions to them from time to time will be inevitable. It is 
only necessary to mention here that the separation of the two great masses of land occurred about 
the time of the elevation of the Himalayas as a mountain chain, and they are about as old as the Alps 
of Europe. Hence the Baboons, found as they are in the separated districts, existed as a united genus 
before those vast changes. If the Black Baboon is a forest dweller — and there appears to be good reason 
THE PL A CX BABOON. 
to believe that this is the case — there is something more than simple conjecture in the suggestion that 
the whole of the Baboons once lived in forest lands. 
The Cynomorpha, or Dog-shaped Quadrumana, include the genera Semnopithecus, Colobos, 
Macacus, and Cynocephalus, and their distinctions and some of their anatomical peculiarities have 
been noticed, and they may be summarised as follows : — As a group, the Cynomorpha are more 
fitted for running on all-fours than for any other method of progression, and their construction 
relates to that of such running animals as the Cats as well as to that of the Monkeys. Thus the 
arm-bone (humerus) is unlike that of the man-shaped Apes ; it is bent so as to be slightly convex 
forwards, and the top where the round joint is — the head of the bone — looks upwards and back 
