198 
NATURAL BISTORT. 
liarcl-coated Beetle, or to smash up a grub. The incisor, or front teeth, differ in the two genera. 
They are long (especially the lower ones), narrow, and are curved outwards, and they stick out forwards 
from the jaw in the genus Hapale. Those of the Tamarins are short and broad, the lower ones being 
stuck out and close together. The lower canine teeth of the Hapale, or Ouistitis, are very small, and 
those of the other genus are larger. 
The face of the Marmoset is short, and the broad division between the nostrils, which open widely 
apart and outwards, is very evident. Very remarkable are the feet, for in these Monkeys the toe-thumb 
is not widely separated from the other digits, but is close to and parallel with them, so that they 
resemble the human foot more than the human hand. The insectivorous and carnivorous propensities of 
these little creatures are shown in the fomi of their nails, which are claws. They are curved, compressed 
from side to side, and sharp, except that of the great toe, which is broad. In the hand the thumb is not 
capable of being separated widely from the other fingers, and it has a sharp claw on it, so the resem- 
blance to a true hand is small, and the likeness to a “ paw ” is great ; and to conclude this part of the 
subject, the soles are much longer than the toes. Hence, with paws and long feet with claws, these 
little creatures, which have been termed Hapale — from a-n-akos (soft, gentle) — are not unlike Bears in 
their extremities, and have been called Bear-Monkeys, or Arctopithecini . The intelligence of these 
Monkeys is certainly not very great, hence the ex- 
amination of their brain is sure to be interesting, for 
one would expect that it could not be like that of 
the intelligent Cebus, or even that of the Spider 
Monkey. The mouth appears to be large, and it 
really has a wide gape. 
First, then, the skull is remarkable for the rela- 
tive size of the brain -case, and the back part projects 
far behind. The outside of the skull is smooth and 
rounded, and the brow-ridges are very slight, the 
orbits being large. Inside, and accommodating itself 
to this long head, is a very long brain, whose 
back part projects past the cerebellum. But this is 
not all the unusual part of it, for instead of there 
being convolutions, or packings-in of the surface of the brain, it is almost smooth, the great fissures 
being alone marked. Here, then, is the lowest form of brain yet noticed in the Quadrumana, and it 
approaches to the form seen in the lower animals. What the great back part of the brain-case means 
is hardly yet known, but if it refers to the affections it will render the story told by Broderip all the 
more valuable. He says that a lady kept two of these Marmosets, and that she was impressed with 
their great affection for each other. “ They had no family, but they were very happy, and were all in 
all to each other. One of them unfortunately died. The other seemed to be unwilling to believe the 
1. HAND- BONES OF MARMOSET. 
2. FOOT-BONES OF MARMOSET. 
change that had taken place, and continued to caress the body, until it became absolutely necessary to 
remove it. Everything was done to console the widow that its fond and distressed mistress could think 
of, but as soon as its mate was taken away the poor widowed creature pressed its little hands to its eyes, 
refused to be comforted, and remained pining in that attitude till death relieved it of its sufferings.” 
The teeth and claws indicate a carnivorous or insectivorous diet in these Monkeys, and the brain 
does not deny it, and many ane dotes may be told of their love of something alive. Every one may see 
the Marmosets at the Zoological Gardens making usually very successful dashes at flies with their 
lingers, and enjoying their tiny prey ; and there is little doubt that the following story is true: One 
of them, which was kept by the u Sage Femme ” of the Royal Family about a hundred years since, took 
a great fancy to fish, and made a dash at a Goldfish he saw swimming round and round in its globe. 
He caught it, and ate it, so the lady observing his fondness for something lively gave him an Eel, and 
as the little Monkey was not more than eight or nine inches in length without his tail, this lively gift 
frightened him at first by twisting round his body and neck ; but he soon killed it, and enjoyed the 
treat. 
