204 
NATURAL HISTORY. 
Amazons, but are unknown in Guiana and Eastern Brazil, and the species of the short-tailed Sakis are 
restricted to special districts ; thus the Couxio is from Guiana, and does not pass the Bio Negro on 
the west, or the Amazon on the south. The white - skinned one is found on the Bio Negro, and the 
B. rubicund us on the Upper Amazon, another species being found on the lower part of the same river. 
So it is with the other Sakis with long tails. The genus is found widely dispersed, but the species are 
restricted in their roaming. One is found, according to Wallace, on the north bank of the Upper 
Amazon, and another, with a red beard, only to the south-west of the Bio Negro. The genus Cebus. 
lias a very wide range in South America, so has the Squirrel Monkey group, for they are found on 
both banks of the Amazon and Bio Negro; but the white-collared species is found only on the Upper 
Bio Negro, and another on the Upper* Amazon. 
The same author noticed the range of the Douroucoulis in the Amazon districts ; one (A. trivir- 
(j(dus) is found in Ecuador, and the Cat-like kind on the Upper Amazon. Equally restricted to limited 
districts were three kinds of Marmosets. 
Fossil remains of Monkeys have been found in the New World in the Brazils, and which belong to 
the existing genera Cebus, Callithrix, and Hapale. The fossil Cebus is at least four feet in height, and 
the Callithrix was of a very large kind. The fossil Ouistitis are large and small. The geological age 
ot tire Brazilian fossils is probably about that of the last European deposits. Now, the remarkable 
part of this interesting story is, that in the olden time there was the same division of the Monkeys, 
into those of the Old and of the New World. The Catarliini were then, as now, restricted to- 
Europe, Asia, and doubtless to Africa; and the Platyrhini were only found in America, and more- 
over the resemblance of the old forms to the new is remarkable, the large size of the fossils 
being in keeping with what is known about the large dimensions of most of the old forms of life. 
Biitteineyer’s discovery in Switzerland of a fossil with bones like those of the Howler (Mycetes), and 
yet like a Lemur in structure, and of vast antiquity, carries us back to a time when a different 
distribution of animals prevailed. Then there were American-looking and Madagascar-looking things- 
in Europe, and associated with them were Opossums and other creatures foreign enough to it at the 
present time. Nevertheless, this fact gives the hint of the origin of the American Monkeys from 
the Lemurs. Lately the fossil remains of a Lemur-like animal have been found in North America 
In concluding this short notice of the extinct Monkeys, it must be remembered that in the days when 
there were those agreeable northern climates which made Greenland a land of flowers, Indian Monkeys 
lived in the dense woods of Greece, Central Europe, and Southern France. 
Mr. Darwin, who has collected a vast array of facts relating to the resemblance of the Monkeys to 
other beings, writes very much as follows : — 
“ The resemblance of Monkeys to man is greatly caused by the relative position of the features of 
the face. The eyes are arched over ; they are separated by a long nose, the end of which in some is 
very human. The mouth is not carried back, but occupies the same general position as in man, and 
die forehead, so often wrinkled, is usually prominent, and like that of a child. The likeness is increased 
by the fact that anger, sorrow, pleasure, and satisfaction are displayed by the Monkey by nearly similar 
movements of the muscles and skin, chiefly above the eyebrows, and round the mouth. Some 
few expressions,” writes Mr. Darwin, “ are, indeed, almost the same, as in the weeping of certain 
kinds of Monkeys, and in the laughing noise made by others, during which the comers of the 
mouth are drawn backwards, and the eyelids wrinkled. In man the nose is much more promi- 
nent than in most Monkeys ; but,” writes the same author, “ we may trace the commencement 
of an aquiline curvature in the nose of the Hoolock Gibbon, and this in the great-nosed Monkey is 
carried to a ridiculous extreme.” All this is disappointing to those who pride themselves on “the 
family nose,” especially if it is a Boman. Again, the faces of many Monkeys are furnished with beards, 
whiskers, and moustaches. The hair grows to a great length in some species of Semnopithecus, and in 
the Bonnet Monkey ( J/i acctcvs radixitus) it radiates from a point on the crown, with a parting down the 
middle. This is a human fashion ; moreover, in this Monkey the front hair ends rather abruptly, and 
a downy and almost smooth-looking forehead is shown. They have eyebrows in some instances. Mr. 
Darwin, in carrying out his investigations into the resemblances between men and Monkeys, said 
lie is, as, indeed, have been all anatomists, very interested regarding the hair of the limbs of those he 
places in comparison. “ It is well known,” he writes, “ that the hair on our arms tends to converge from 
