THE HABITS AND EMOTIONS OF MONKEYS. 
207 
the eyes of the Callithr&c sciureus instantly fill with tears when it is ‘ seized with fear/ but when this f 
pretty little Monkey in the Zoological Gardens was teased so as to cry out loudly, tills did not occur 
I do not, however, wish to throw the least doubt on the accuracy of Humboldt’s statement. 
“ The appearance of dejection in young Orangs and Chimpanzees when out of health is as plain 
and almost as pathetic as in the case of our children. Their state of mind and body is shown by their 
listless movements, fallen countenances, dull eyes, and changed complexion. 
“ This emotion is often exhibited by many kinds of Monkeys, and is expressed, as Mr. Martin 
remarks, in many different ways. Some species, when irritated, pout the lips, gaze with a fixed and 
savage glare on their foe, and make repeated short starts as if about to spring forward, uttering at the 
same time inward guttural sounds. Many display their anger by suddenly advancing, making abrupt 
starts, at the same time opening the mouth, and pursing up the lips so as to conceal the teeth, while 
the eyes are daringly fixed on the enemy as if in savage defiance. Some again, and principally the 
long-tailed Monkeys, or Guenons, display their teeth, and accompany their malicious grins with a sharp, 
abrupt, reiterated cry. Mr. Sutton confirms the statement that some species uncover their teeth when 
enraged, whilst others conceal them by the protrusion of their lips, and some kinds draw back their 
ears. Tlie Cynocephalus niger , lately referred to, acts in this manner, at the same time depressing the 
crest of hail' on its forehead, and showing its teeth, so that the movements of the features from anger 
are nearly the same as those from pleasure ; and the two expressions can be distinguished only by those 
familiar with the animal. 
“ Baboons often show their passion, and threaten their enemies in a very odd manner, namely, by 
opening their mouths widely, as in the act of yawning. Mr. Bartlett has often seen two Baboons, when 
first placed in the same compartment, sitting opposite to each other, and thus alternately opening their 
mouths; and this action seems frequently to end in a real yawn. Mr. Bartlett believes that both 
animals wished to show to each other that they are provided with a formidable set of teeth, as is 
undoubtedly the case. As I could hardly credit the reality of this yawning gesture, Mr. Bartlett 
insulted an old Baboon, and put him into a violent passion, and he almost immediately thus acted. 
Some species of Macacus and of Cercopithecus behave in the same manner. Baboons likewise show 
their anger — as was observed by Brehm with those which he kept alive in Abyssinia in another 
manner, namely, by striking the ground with one hand, like an angry man striking the table with his 
fist. I have seen this movement with the Baboons in the Zoological Gardens, but sometimes the action 
seems rather to represent the searching for a stone or other objects in their beds of straw. Mr. Sutton has 
often observed the face of the Rhesus Monkey, when much enraged, growing red. As he was mentioning 
this to me another Monkey attacked a Rhesus, and I saw its face redden as plainly as that of a man in 
a violent passion. In the course of a few minutes after the battle the face of tliis Monkey recovered its 
natural tint; at the same time that the face reddened, the naked posterior part of the body, which is 
always red, seemed to grow still redder, but T cannot positively assert that this was the case. When 
the Mandrill is any way excited the brilliantly-coloured naked parts of the skin are said to become still 
more vividly coloured. 
u With several species of Baboons the ridge of the forehead projects much over the eyes, and is 
studded with a few long hairs representing our eyebrows. These animals are always looking about 
them, and in order to look upwards they raise their eyebrows. They have thus, as it would appear, 
acquired the habit of frequently moving their eyebrows. However this may be, many kinds of 
Monkeys, especially the Baboons, when angered or in any way excited, rapidly and incessantly mo^e 
their eyebrows up and down, as well as the hairy skin of their foreheads. As we associate in the case 
of man raising and lowering of the eyebrows with definite states of the mind, the almost incessant mov e- 
ment of the eyebrows by Monkeys gives them a senseless expression. I once observed a man who had 
a trick of continually raising his eyebrows with any corresponding emotion, arid this gave to him a 
foolish appearance; so it is with some persons who keep the corners of their mouths a little drawn 
backwards and upwards, as if by an incipient smile, though at the time they are not amused 01 
pleased. 
“ A young Orang, made jealous by her keeper attending to another Monkey, slightly uncovered 
her teeth, and uttering a peevish noise, like 4 tisli-shist/ turned her back on him. Both Orangs and 
Chimpanzees when a little more angered protrude their lips greatly, and make a harsh barking noise. 
