NATURAL HISTORY. 
£32 
cqumum, which occurs, although not very abundantly, in various parts of the South of England. 
He is a puffy and rather pursy-looking little fellow, with a head which appears full large for his 
body. The length of his head and body is about two and a half inches, and that of his tail, which 
is entirely enclosed in the interfemoral membrane, about an inch and one-tliird. His wings have 
rn expanse of thirteen or fourteen inches. The fur on the upper surface is reddish-grey, and on the 
lower surface very pale grey ; the membranes are of a dingy brown colour, and the ears and nasal 
appendages pale brown. The ears are large, broad at their attachment to the head, pointed ami 
irned outwards at the apex. From the outer margin ten or a dozen transverse furrows run 
,o wards the middle of the ear. The outer margin, at its junction with the head, is also continuous with 
a low rounded lobe* which bounds the aperture of the ear in front, and may be used to close the 
ravity. The nasal appendages, or u nose-leaves,” are very curious and complicated (see figure, p. 281). 
THE GREATER HORSESHOE BAT. ( One-third Natural Size.) 
The anterior, or horseshoe-shaped portion, lies longitudinally upon the nose, and is formed of three 
concentric elevations, the innermost of which bounds the depression in which the nostrils are placed. 
Between the nostrils arises the central process, the anterior portion of which forms a sort of cup, 
behind which the process is slightly narrowed and excavated, but again widens before terminating 
in a short but rather sharp point. This point overhangs the third, or frontal leaf, which touches 
the horseshoe portion, and is about as broad as the latter at their junction, and tapers up to a 
point upon the forehead. The eyes, which are like little black beads, are placed on each side of the 
; unction of the horseshoe and the frontal leaf. 
These curious structures are found with slight variations in all the species of the genus 
Rhinolophus, to which this Bat belongs. The nasal appendages vary somewhat in the form and 
proportions of their parts, and the basal lobe, or antitragus of the ears, is developed in different degrees 
in various species, but their general character is always recognisable. Other marks by which the 
species of this genus may be recognised are the presence of three joints in the first toe, the others 
possessing only two, and the dentition, which includes the full number of teeth developed in the 
family, namely, incisors, canines, , pre-molars, ^“3 > molars, 
The Greater Horseshoe Bat lives chiefly in deserted quarries, old buildings, and natural caverns, 
* To this lobe the name of “antitragus” has been given, 
