THE AUSTRALIAN HORSESHOE BAT. 
285 
great size, and have a large basal lobe (antitragus) separated from the outer margin of the ear by a 
deep angular notch. The fur is very long and thick, and usually black with grey tips, so that the 
species appears to be in mourning, whence its specific name ; it is, however, subject to considerable 
variation in this respect, some specimens being reddish-brown. Captain Hutton, who resided for a 
considerable time at Mussooree, has described the habits of this Bat, which he found in the Himalayas 
up to ail elevation of 5,500 feet, where it was u hanging from the roof of an outhouse, looking, with its 
ample black wings folded round it as a cloak, somewhat like a large black cocoon.” He says that it com- 
mences its flight rather early in the evening, and generally keeps at about twenty or thirty feet from the 
ground, wheeling, with a somewhat heavy and noiseless flight, around buildings and large trees in 
search of small Moths and other insects. He adds that he has taken them from the roofs of outhouses 
and from wide caves in limestone rocks, and that they seem generally to live in pairs and not in com- 
munities, although several pairs may be found in a large cave. At Mussooree they fly only during the 
THE ORANGE RAT. ( One-half Natural Size.) 
warmer months, and remain in a semi-torpid state during the winter, but Captain Hutton suggests 
that in the warmer climates of Sikkim and the Khasia hills they may be active all the year round. 
Another smaller species with a similar central nose-leaf has been described under the name of R. tri- 
foliatus ; it is an inhabitant of the eastern coast of India, Java, and Borneo. These two species form 
the genus Aguias of the late Dr. Gray.* 
THE AUSTRALIAN HORSESHOE BAT.t 
A single species of HhinolopJms occurs in Australia, having been obtained from caverns on the 
Murrumbidgee Biver, and also near Richmond River in New South Wales. It has pale mouse-coloured 
fur. The ears are large, with long basal lobes, and the nasal appendages are larger than in the 
European species, the frontal leaf being lance-shaped and long, and the horseshoe rather deeply 
• The commonest of the numerous Eastern species of the genus are Pearson’s Horseshoe Bat [R. Pearsonii), which has 
a very large nose-leaf and greatly developed ear lobes, and is found throughout the lofty hill-countries from the Himalayas 
to the mountains of Bnrmah and China; Roux’s Horseshoe Bat ( R. affi-nis), which varies in colour from orange-brown to 
greyish -brown, and is found among the hills all over India, and in Ceylon, Burmah, Java, Sumatra, and Borneo; and the 
Dwarf Horseshoe Bat {R. minor), only about one inch and three-quarters in length, which occurs in Burmah, Yunnan, Java, 
Sumatra, Borneo, and Japan. Several varieties of the last two species have been described as distinct forms, 
t Rh inohpk us m rent / >h ylhts. 
37 
