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NATURAL HISTORY. 
Several other species of this genus have an almost equally wide range. Thus one that may be 
called the Negro Bat ( Vesper ago maurus) is found along the whole of the great axis of elevation of the 
Old World from the Pyrenees into China, and even extends southwards into India, Cochin China, and 
Java. This species has a sooty-brown or deep-black fur, with the tips of the hairs greyish. Kuhl’s Bat 
( Vesperugo KuliUi) is found throughout India, and in Persia and Southern Europe, to Madeira. It is 
rather a small species, about an inch and three-quarters long, with black fur, tipped for one-fourth of 
its length above with yellowish-brown or dun-colour, and beneath with ash-colour. Another species, 
Nilssons Bat ( Vesperugo borealis ), which has the highest northern range of any species of the order, 
stretches right across the old continent, from Scandinavia and Germany as far south as the Hartz 
Mountains, to the Altai Mountains and North China. This species has a dark-brown fur, tipped 
with yellowisli-brown above and with ash-colour beneath. It is about two inches long. 
THE COROMANDEL BAT* 
Besides the preceding, which are common to Europe, there are a good many purely Asiatic species, 
mostly belonging to the Indian region and its islands. Mr. Dobson enumerates eighteen such species, 
the most generally distributed of which is the Coromandel Bat ( Vesperugo abrmius), which appears to 
represent in the southern parts of Asia the Pipistrelle of the more temperate regions. It is rather 
larger than the Pipistrelle, measuring an inch and three-quarters in length, and the outer margin of the 
ears is straight, or very slightly concave ; the fur is dark -brown, tipped with light yellowish-brown 
above, and sooty-brown with pale tips beneath, and the head, face, and neck are yellowish-brown. 
This species is common in India and Ceylon, and extends thence through China to Japan, occurring 
a 1 so in several islands of the Eastern Archipelago. 
Mr. Swinhoe says that it is a common house Bat at Nagasaki, in Japan. He also found it 
abundantly in Hainan, and, treating it as the common Chinese Bat, quotes the description of the Bat 
from the Chinese Gazetteer , in which, as is usual with Chinese writers, the animal is classed with 
birds. This choice description is as follows : — “ Peenfoo, or Bat, shaped like a Mouse, has thin flesh- 
wings uniting the four legs, and extending to the tail. In winter stows away ; in summer comes out. 
In daytime lies prostrate ; in night flies. One name for it is Foo-yeh, or Belly-wings. It is now 
called Feislioo, or Flying Mouse.” 
THE THICK-FOOTED BAT.f 
In this species, which inhabits Northern India, Tenasserim, the Andaman and Philippine Islands, 
and the Islands of Java and Sumatra, the bases of the thumbs and the soles of the feet are furnished 
with broad, fleshy pads, which on the feet form nearly circular discs, and are doubtless organs of 
adhesion, analogous to the more perfect sucking discs present in an American member of the family 
(Thyroptera tricolor). These organs probably assist the Bat in clinging to the under surfaces of large 
leaves and fruit, a habit which is common to many tropical species of Bats. It is remarkable that in 
this species, as in the Thyroptera , the claws on both the thumbs and the toes, although acute, are 
very small. 
The Thick-footed Bat is about an inch and three-quarters in length of body, with a tail an inch 
and a quarter long. It is covered with a fine, dense, and moderately long fur, of a bright reddish-brown 
colour above, paler beneath. There is only one pre-molar on each side in the upper and two in the 
lower jaw, and this character, with the presence of the foot-pads, serves to distinguish the sub-genus 
Tylonycteris of Professor Peters, to which this species belongs. J 
TEMMINCK’S BAT.§ 
A few species, very nearly allied to the preceding, form the genus Scotophilus , in which the outer 
margin of the ear likewise comes down to the level of the angle of the mouth, but there are only two 
* Vesperugo abramus. t Vesperugo packypus. 
I Another Eastern species, furnished with pads on the thumbs and feet, is the Club-footed Bat (F. lylopus), from Nortlieril 
Borneo, which is distinguished from the above by the presence of two pre-molars on each side in the upper jaw. A small 
African species, the Dwarf Club-footed Bat (F. nanus), is similarly provided. 
§ Scotuphihts Temminckii. 
