340 
NATURAL HISTORY. 
the limit of the stomach in this direction being indicated solely by the insertion of the gall-ducts at a 
point only one-fifth of an inch from the opening of the gullet. The other, or cardiac division of the 
stomach, on the contrary, is enormously de- 
veloped, forming an elongated and convoluted 
caecum (c) several inches long, and becoming 
considerably wider than at its origin. In one 
specimen examined, the body of the Bat 
measured only three inches and one-fifth in 
length ; the intestine, from the pylorus to its 
termination, was eleven inches long ; while 
the above-mentioned ctecal portion, when 
straightened out, was six inches and a half in 
length, or twice as long as the body, and nearly 
two-thirds the length of the intestine. Pro- 
fessor Peters describes the cardiac caecum in the 
specimen examined by him as only from one to 
two inches long. It may, perhaps, have be- 
stomach of desmodus. longed to a distinct species. The stomach in 
the Frugivorous Pt-eropidae is elongated and 
tubular, no doubt for the reception of the large quantity of vegetable food which they require to 
support their existence. In the ordinary Insectivorous Bats the organ is 
small and globular, with the pyloric 
and cardiac orifices near each other, 
the nourishment afforded by their 
usual diet being in a tolerably con- 
centrated form and firm condition. 
The extraordinary caecum of the 
blood-suckers, no doubt, serves as a 
reservoir for their fluid nutriment, stomach of pteropus. 
in which it may be stored for a time 
almost unchanged, and gradually subjected to the process of digestion. 
The second species of blood-sucking Bat mentioned in the earlier pail; of this article, DiphyUa 
ecaudata, agrees with the Desmodus in its dentition and general characters, but is entirely destitute 
of interfemoral membrane, and has the lower incisors pectinate. 
STOMACH OF LONG -EARED 
BAT. 
( Twice Natural Size.) 
The following table of the classification of Bats here adopted will assist the reader m the com- 
prehension of the information given in the preceding pages : — 
Sub-Order I— MEGACHIROPTERA. 
Family I.— Pterofid.®. 
Group 1. — Pteropi .— Tongue moderate; molars well de- 
veloped. Genera. — Pteropus, Cynoptems, Cynonycteris, 
Harpyia, Epomopkorns, Hypsignattras, and Cepka- 
lotes. Group 2. — MacrogJossi , — Tongue very long; 
molars very small. Genera. — Macroglossus, Eonycteris, 
and Notopteris. 
Sub-Order II .— MICROCHIROPTERA. 
A. — Vespertilionine Alliance. 
Family II. — Rhinolophid®. 
Sub-family 1. — Rkinolopliiuse. — First toe witk two, re- 
mainder with three phalanges. Genus.— Rkinolophus. 
Sub-Family 2. — Phyllorhinime. Toes equal, each of two 
phalanges. Genera. — Ccelops, Pkyllorliina, Rkinonyc- 
teris, and Trisenops. 
Family III. — Nycterid®. 
Sub-family 1.— Nycterime. — Nasal apparatus concealed; tail 
long. Genus. — Nyeteris. 
Sub-family 2. — Megaderminae. — Nose-leaf distinct; tail 
short. Genus. — Megaderma. 
Family IY. — Yespertjlionid®. 
Group 1. — Vespertilionefi. — Crown of head flat, or nearly 
so; upper incisors close to canines; ears moderate, 
separate. Genera. — Yespertilio, Vesperugo, Ckalino- 
lobus, Scotopkilus, Nycticejus, Atalapha, and Kerivoula. 
Group 2. — Plecoti. — He id and incisors as above ; ears 
very large, generally united. Genera — Plecotus, Syno- 
tus, Histiot.us, Oton/cterLs, Corinorkiuus, Nyetopkilus, 
and Antrozons. Group 3 — Miniopteri. — Crown greatly 
elevated ; upper incisors separated from canines. 
Genera. — Natalus, Minioptems, and Thyroptera. 
B. — Emballonurine Alliance. 
Family Y.~ Emballonurid®. 
Sub-family 1.— Emballonurinro. — ' Tail slender; upper in- 
eisors weak. Group 1. — Emballonurce. — Frontal bones 
convex. Genera. — Furia, Saccopteryx, Rhynclionyc- 
teris, and Emballonura. Group 2. — Taphozoi. — Frontal 
bones with a concavity ; pre-maxillary bones separate 
in front. Genera. — Coleura, Tapkozous, Dichdurus. 
Group 3. — Rhinopomata. — Frontal hones concave ; 
pre-maxillaries united (a small nose-leaf). Genus. — 
Rhmopoma. Group 4. — Nodilione *. — First phalanx 
of middle finger extended in repose. Genus. — Noctilio. 
Sub-family 2. — Molossinre. — Tail thick ; upper incisors 
strong. Group 5. — Nolossi . — Middle finger with two 
phalanges. Genera.— Mormopterus, Molossus, Nycti- 
nomns, and Ckiromeles. Group 0. — Mystacin#’. — 
Middle finger with three phalanges. Genus,— Mysta- 
eino. 
