HALIOTIS. 
35 
Hallotis Cracherodii , Leach, commonly called 
the Black Abalone, Fig. I , PI. IX, is the smaller 
and more abundant of the two species. It may 
be found from one-fourth of an inch, to six inches 
in length. The back is quite smooth, marked 
only by lines of growth ; spire, very short ; aper- 
ture, very large; holes, five to nine ; color, dark 
greenish black without, pearly within. It may 
easily be found clinging to the rocks by its broad 
toot; and when examined alive, in the water, its 
black fringed mantle, stalked eyes, and slender 
tentacles are most interesting: for study. Note 
in the shell the strong central scar, showing 
where the muscle of the foot was attached to the 
shell. 
The Red Abalone, Haliotis rufescens , Swains 7 
Fig. 2, PI. IX, sometimes grows to a length ot 
nine inches. Outer coat, red, projecting over the 
inner, pearly layers, and giving the shell a red edge. 
Back, somewhat roughened, often overgrown 
with vegetation ; holes, commonly three in num- 
ber; muscular impression, prominent. Great 
numbers of these shells in a partly decayed con- 
dition, may be found in the Indian shell heaps 
along the coast. These may be gathered and 
pulverized to form the pearl powder used in or- 
namenting boxes, and frames. 
Haliotis splendens , Rve., is a more southern 
species, found below tide, on rocks. It is more 
flat, thin, and grooved, and beautifully lustrous 
within. It has 4 — 7 holes. Haliotis corrugata , 
Gray, also lives below tide. It is large, arched, 
very rough and corrugated ; holes 3 — 5. Fishes 
