Chap. i. 
RUDIMENTS. 
29 
(( U ' P er “ cent, of the arm-bones collected in the ‘ Cime- 
« ieie c ^ u Sud ’ at Paris ; and in the Grotto of Orrony, the 
„ COat ents of which are referred to the Bronze period, 
,ls many as eight humeri out of thirty-two were perfo- 
rated; but this extraordinary proportion, he thinks, 
(( aa ght be due to the cavern having been a sort of 
(f |; lIni! y vault.’ Again, M. Dupont found 30 per cent. 
t( 0 perforated bones in the caves of the Yallcy of the 
<t :r es8e > belonging to the Reindeer period ; whilst M. 
je guay, in a sort of dolmen at Argenteuil, observed 
[( ^ ve nty-five per cent, to be perforated ; and M. Pruner- 
<( . °y found twenty-six per cent, in the same condition 
(1 lri bones from Y aureal. N or should it be left unno- 
„ tleec ^ that M. Pruncr-Bcy states that this condition is 
common in Guanche skeletons.” The fact that ancient 
aees > hr this and several other cases, more frequently 
present structures which resemble those of the lower 
a mmals than do the modern races, is interesting. One 
j 1Ca cause seems to be that ancient races stand some- 
j lft t ne arer than modern races in the long lino of, 
* to fbeir remote animal-like progenitors. 
■ • i C 08 cocc y x ™ man, though functionless as a tail, 
mun y represents this part in other vertebrate animals. 
an e arly embryonic period it is free, and, as we have 
j^ 1 ' 5 P 10 i ects beyond the lower extremities. In certain 
aie and anomalous cases it has been known, according 
^ snlore Geoftroy St.-Hilaire and others, 40 to form a 
ex ternal rudiment of a tail. The os coccyx is 
r . ’ nsually including only four vertebrae : and these 
° m a ru< fimental condition, for they consist, with the 
areT l0 - U basal one, of the centrum alone. 41 They 
j C Urni shed with some small muscles ; one of which as 
am informed by Prof. Turner, has been expressly 
‘ Revue n SeS 11 as collected the evidence on this subject. 
41 Owen ^.Seientifi^s/ 18 G7-18(JS, p. 025. 
> t u the Nature of Limbs,’ 1849, p. 114. 
