MENTAL POWEES. 
3!) 
ttij 
«*. II. 
■'xactly similar actions instinctively performed by the 
°' Ver animals ; in this latter case the capacity of 
Informing such actions having been gained, step by 
s ^ e Pi through the variability of the mental organs and 
Natural selection, without any conscious intelligence on 
16 part of the animal during each successive genera- 
10u - No doubt, as Mr. Wallace has argued, 6 much of 
kl ° intelligent work done by man is due to imitation and 
to reason ; but there is this great difference between 
Us _ actions and many of those performed by the lower 
aD imals, namely, that man cannot, on his first trial, 
! nake , for instance, a stone hatchet or a canoe, through 
ns power of imitation. He has to learn his work by 
Practice ; a beaver, on the other hand, can make its dam 
I* 1 ca nal, and a bird its nest, as well, or nearly as well, 
e first time it tries, as when old and experienced. 
-i° return to our immediate subject: the lower 
a nimals, like man, manifestly feel pleasure and pain, 
happiness and misery. Happiness is never better exhi- 
bit'd than by young animals, such as puppies, kittens, 
Ev 
' s > &c., when playing together, like our own children. 
, Veu insects play together, as has been described by 
d t excellent observer, P. Huber, 0 who saw ants chasing 
ail d pretending to bite each othei - , like so many puppies. 
Ihe fact that the lower animals are excited by the 
same emotions as ourselves is so well established, that 
J 'nil not he necessary to weary the reader by many 
c et ?dls. Terror acts in the same manner on them as on 
causing the muscles to tremble, the heart to pal- 
pitate, the sphincters to be relaxed, and the hair to 
and on end. Suspicion, the offspring of fear, is emi- 
Jaently characteristic of most wild animals. Courage 
0 .^Mmtions to the Theory of Natural Selection,’ 1870, p. 212. 
•Keoherches snr les Mceurs des Fourmis,’ 1810, p. 173. 
