Chap. II. 
MENTAL POWERS. 
Oi> 
flints, and not a very wide step to rudely fashion them, 
flflis latter advance, however, may have taken long 
a ges, if we may judge by tire immense interval of time 
w hich elapsed before the men of the neolithic period 
took to grinding and polishing their stone tools. In 
breaking the Hints, as Sir J. Lubbock likewise remarks, 
sparks would have been emitted, and in grinding them 
beat would have been evolved: “thus the two usual 
“ Methods of obtaining fire may have originated.” The 
Mature of fire would have been known in the many 
Volcanic regions where lava occasionally flows through 
Crests. The anthropomorphous apes, guided probably 
by instinct, build for themselves temporary platforms ; 
but as many instincts are largely controlled by reason, 
*be simpler ones, such as this of building a platform, 
rnjght readily pass into a voluntary and conscious act. 
bbe orang is known to cover itself at night with the 
foaves of the Pandanus ; and Brehm states that one of 
bis baboons used to protect itself from the heat of the 
s un by throwing a straw-mat over its head. In these 
iatter habits, we probably see the first steps towards 
s °nre of the simpler arts ; namely rude architecture 
a ud dress, as they arose amongst the early progenitors 
°f man. 
Language . — -This faculty has justly been considered as 
°ne of the chief distinctions between man and the lower 
animals. But man, as a highly competent judge, Arch- 
bishop Whately remarks, “ is not the only animal that 
' can make use of language to express what is passing in 
‘ bis mind, and can understand, more or less, what is so 
“ expressed by another.” - 9 In Paraguay the Cebus azaree 
when excited utters at least six distinct sounds, which 
Quoted in ‘Anthropological Review,’ 1804, p. 158. 
