54 
THE DESCENT OP 1WAN , 
Part I. 
excite in other monkeys similar emotions . 30 The move- 
ments of the features and gestures of monkeys are un- 
derstood by us, and they partly understand ours, as 
Rengger and others declare. It is a more remark- 
able fact that the dog, since being domesticated, has 
learnt to bark 31 in at least four or five distinct tones. 
Although barking is a new art, no doubt the wild spe- 
cies, the parents of the dog, expressed their feelings 
by cries of various kinds. With the domesticated 
dog we have the bark of eagerness, as in the chase; 
that of anger ; the yelping or howling bark of despair, 
as when shut up ; that of joy, as when starting on a 
walk with his master; and the very distinct one of 
demand or supplication, as when wishing for a door or 
window to be opened. 
Articulate language is, however, peculiar to man; 
but he uses in common with the lower animals inarti- 
culate cries to express his meaning, aided by gestures 
and the movements of the muscles of the face . 33 This 
especially holds good with the more simple and vivid 
feelings, which are but little connected with our higher 
intelligence. Our cries of paiu, fear, surprise, anger, to- 
gether with their appropriate actions, and the murmur 
of a mother to her beloved child, are more expressive 
than any words. It is not the mere power of articula- 
tion that distinguishes man from other animals, for as 
every one knows, parrots can talk; but it is his large 
power of connecting definite sounds with definite ideas ; 
and this obviously depends on the development of the 
mental faculties. 
30 Kenggor, ibid. g. 43. 
31 Sec my ‘ Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication ’ 
vol. i. p. 27. 
32 See a discussion on this subject in Mr. E. B. Tylor’s veiy interest- 
ing work, ‘Researches into the Early History of Mankind,’ IStio, chaps, 
ii. to iv. 
