Chap. j_ 
RUDIMENTS. 
17 
^ peculiarity in the human structure;” but in an em- 
«, 1 °’ about an inch in length, Prof. Wyman 16 found 
<« . at tllc gi'eat toe was shorter than the others, and, 
(( instead of being parallel to them, projected at an 
„ ^ e h'mn the side of the foot, thus corresponding 
„ " ltb ii'c permanent condition of this part in the 
quadrumana.” I will conclude with a quotation from 
( ';' xle y, 17 who after asking, does man originate in a 
'/ ei ' eut way from a dog, bird, frog or fish? says, “ the 
t( 'I'Piy is not doubtful for a moment; without question, 
(( 16 mode of origin and the early stages of the develop- 
(i ! Uent °f man are identical with those of the animals 
„ lllJVU ediat(‘ly below him in the scale : without a doubt 
<( 111 ^' ese respects, he is far nearer to apes, than the apes 
are to the dog.” 
Rudiments. — This subject, though not intrinsically 
sr Jlli P or tant than the two last, will for several rea- 
, e bere treated with more fullness. 16 Not one of 
gQ le gi'er animals can be named which does not bear 
^Jue p t nt j n a rudimentary condition ; and man forms 
be ? X< * e P^i°n to the rule. Eudimentary organs must 
in C S ^ ln S u ished from those that are nascent ; though 
are S ° me cuse!S the distinction is not easy. The former 
n , eitber absolutely useless, such as the mammae of 
wk' a < l Uadm P e de, or the incisor teeth of ruminants 
g jj nev er cut through the gums; or they are of such 
su° 1 Ser ' bce to their present possessors, that we cannot 
P°se that they were developed under the conditions 
16 (p i " 
K ‘ Mnn’*’ n ' Hist.’ Boston, 1863, vol. ix. p. 185. 
18 IiLd S P a0eil1 Nature,’ p. 65. 
able paper a rou nb copy of this chapter before reading a vala- 
Annuario n ‘(limenlali in ordine all’ origins del uomo ” 
to which, pav,,! t "t- Hat.,’ Modena, 1867, p. 81), by Gr. Canes trini, 
fable discuss!' f . RIn colltii Hornbly indebted. Hiicltel lias given admi- 
tn bi a • (j ene “ s on tins whole subject, under the title of Dystelcology, 
Yq. , e e Morphologic’ and 1 Schopfungsgeschiehte.’ 
