'Ciiap. h. 
MENTAL POWERS. 
59 
Pjaa with ours, and which are used as a means of commu- 
nication, it was obviously probable, if the power of com- 
1T Uuii cation had to be improved, that these same organs 
Av °uld have been still further developed ; and this has 
keen effected by the aid of adjoining and well-adapted 
b ai 'ts, namely the tongue and lips . 40 The fact of the 
nigher apes not using their vocal organs for speech, no 
d °ubt depends on their intelligence not having been 
sufficiently advanced. The possession by them of organs, 
n’hich with long-continued practice might have been 
used for speech, although not thus used, is paralleled by 
case of many birds which possess organs fitted for 
Paging, though they never sing. Thus, the nightingale 
a ud crow have vocal organs similarly constructed, these 
being use d by the former for diversified song, and by 
1 * lc latter merely for croaking . 41 
The formation of different languages and of dis- 
tffiet species, and the proofs that both have been de- 
v eloped through a gradual process, are curiously the 
same . 43 Bat we can trace the origin of many words 
’U'tlier back than in the case of species, for we can 
Perceive how they have actually arisen from the 
Imitation of various sounds. We find in distinct 
an guages striking homologies due to community of 
( escent, and analogies due to a similar process of 
j)| |^ ee some good remarks to this effect by Hr. Blaudsley, ‘ The 
^'ology and Pathology of Blind,’ 186S, p. 109. 
BlacgilUvray, ‘Hist, of British Birds,’ vol. ii. 1839, p. 29. An 
kcelient observer, Mr. Blackwall, remarks that tho magpie learns to 
1 fonounce single words, and even short sentences, more readily than 
'1 m ° sX any other British bird ; yet, ns lie adds, after long and closely 
▼ostigating its habits, he lias never known it, in a state of nature, 
usplay any unusual eapil0 it v f or imitation. ‘ Researches in Zoology,’ 
X83 h p. 15S. 
42 Q 
aee the very interesting parallelism between the development of 
Peeies and languages, given by Sir 0. Lyell in ‘ The Geolog. Evidences 
J uo Antiquity of Man,’ 1863, chap. x-xiii. 
