78 
THE DESCENT OF MAN. 
Part I- 
ture instantly jumped away, but after the pretended 
beating was over, it was really pathetic to see how per- 
severingly he tried to lick bis mistress’s face and com- 
fort her. Brehm 53 states that when a baboon in con- 
finement was pursued to be punished, the others tried 
to protect him. It must have been sympathy in the 
cases above given which led the baboons and Cercopi- 
theci to defend their young comrades from the dogs 
and the eagle. I will give only one other instance of 
sympathetic and heroic conduct in a little American 
monkey. Several years ago a keeper at the Zoological 
Gardens, showed me some deep and scarcely healed 
wounds on the nape of his neck, inflicted on him whilst 
kneeling on the floor by a fierce baboon. The little 
American monkey, who was a warm friend of this 
keeper, lived in the same large compartment, and was 
dreadfully afraid of the great baboon. Nevertheless, as 
soon as he saw his friend the keeper in peril, he rushed 
to the rescue, and by screams and bites so distracted the 
baboon that the man was able to escape, after running' 
great risk, as the surgeon who attended him thought, 
of his life. 
Besides love and sympathy, animals exhibit other 
qualities which in us would be called moral ; and I agree 
with Agassiz 14 that dogs possess something very like a 
conscience. They certainly possess some power of sell- 
command, and this does not appear to be wholly the 
result of fear. As Braubach 15 remarks, a dog will 
refrain from stealing food in the absence of his master. 
Dogs have long been accepted as the very type of 
fidelity and obedience. All animals living in a body 
which defend each other or attack their enemies 
13 ‘ Thierleben,’ B. i. s. 85. 
14 ‘ Do l’Espece et de la Class.’ 18G9, p. 97. 
15 ‘Dor Darwin’selien Avt-Lchre,’ 1809, s. 51. 
