Ciur. in. 
MORAL SENSE. 
81 
1T ‘av infer that they have been to a large extent gained 
through natural selection. So it has almost certainly 
been with the unusual and opposite feeling of hatred 
between the nearest relations, as with the worker-bees 
w hick kill their brother-drones, and with the queen-bees 
' v hich kill their daughter-queens ; the desire to destroy, 
histead of loving, their nearest relations having been 
here of service to the community. 
The all-important emotion of sympathy is distinct 
h'otn that of love. A mother may passionately love her 
sleeping and passive infant, but she can then hardly be 
s aid to feel sympathy for it. The love ol a man for 
his dog is distinct from sympathy, and so is that of a 
hog for his master. Adam Smith formerly argued, as 
has j\fr. Bain recently, that the basis of sympathy lies 
111 our strong retentiveness of former states of pain or 
Pleasure. Hence, “ the sight of another person enduring 
hunger, cold, fatigue, revives in us some recollection 
°1 these states, which are painful even in idea. ’ We 
aro thus impelled to relieve the sufferings of another, 
order that our own painful feelings may bo at the 
s anae time relieved. In like manner we are led to 
Participate in tbe pleasures of others. 17 But I cannot 
f ee bow this view explains tbe tact that sympathy 
:' s excited in an immeasurably stronger degree by a 
beloved than by an indifferent person. Tlie mere 
, ' Sec ihe first and striking chapter in Adam Smiths ‘ i heory of 
moral Sentiments.’ Also Mr. Bain’s ‘Mental and Moral Science,’ 
p . 244, and 275-282. Mr. Rain states, that “sympathy is, 
' ittdirectly, a source of pleasure to the sympathiser;” and he accounts 
(l or this through reciprocity. He remarks that “ tin; person benefited, 
(l or °thers in his stead, may make up, by sympathy and good offices 
returned, for all tin; sacrifice.” But if, as appears to be ttie ease, 
if n Patl ‘ y 18 ^rictly an instinct, its exercise would give direct pleasure, 
llle same manner as the exercise, as before remarked, of almost every 
otll er instinct. 
V 0L. I. 
G 
