Chap. VII. 
THE RACES OF MAN. 
217 
Under the same physical conditions, and are separated 
from each other only by a narrow space of sea. 
We will first consider the arguments which may be 
advanced in favour of classing the races of man as 
distinct species, and then those on the other side. If a 
naturalist, who had never before seen such beings, were 
to compare a Negro, Hottentot, Australian, or Mongolian, 
ho would at once perceive that they differed in a multi- 
tude of characters, some of slight and some of consider- 
able importance. On inquiry he would find that they 
Were adapted to live under widely different climates, and 
that they differed somewhat in bodily constitution and 
niental disposition. If he were then told that hundreds 
of similar specimens could be brought from the same 
countries, he would assuredly declare that they were as 
Rood species as many to which he had been in the 
babit of affixing specific names. This conclusion would 
be greatly strengthened as soon as he had ascertained 
that these forms had all retained the same character for 
many centuries ; and that negroes, apparently identical 
with existing negroes, had lived at least 4000 years 
ago. 5 He would also hear from an excellent observer, 
5 With respect to the figures in the famous Egyptian caves of Ahou- 
Simbel, M. Pouehet says (* The Plurality of the Human Races,’ Eng. 
U'anslat. 1SG1, p. 50), that he was far from finding recognisable repre- 
sentations of the dozen or more nations which some authors believe 
that they can recognise. Even some of the most strongly-marked 
Woes cannot bo identified with that degree of unanimity which might 
have been expected from what lias been written on the subject. 
Thus Messrs. Nott and Gliddou (‘Types of Mankind,' p. 148) state 
that Raineses II., or the Great, has features superbly European; where- 
a * Knox, another firm believer in the specific distinction of the races 
of man (‘Races of Man,’ 1850, p. 201), speaking of young Mcmnon 
(the same person with Humeses 11., as 1 am iniurmed_by Mr. Birch) in- 
sists in tlio strongest manner that ho is identical in character with the 
■frws of Antwerp? Again, whilst looking in the British Museum with 
two competent judges, officers of the establishment, at the statue of 
Kinunoph HI., we agreed that ho had a strongly negro cast of features ; 
