VOCAL MUSIC. 
51 
Cn «“. XIII, 
Bitber then exert a choice, or the battle must be re- 
Jwed. So, again, with one of the Field-starlings of 
he United States ( Sturnella ludoviciana ) the males 
f t n gage in fi erce conflicts, “ but at the sight of a female 
1 le y all fly a fter her, as if mad.” 24 
^ 0e «Z and instrumental Music . — With birds the voice 
eiv ° s to express various emotions, such as distress, fear, 
" U 8 e b triumph, or mere happiness, it is apparently 
Retimes used to excite terror, as with the hissing 
'° ls e made by some nestling-birds. Audubon 25 relates 
^ at a night-heron ( Ardea nycticorax, Linn.) which he 
' l’ 1 tame, used to hide itself when a cat approached, 
then “ suddenly start up uttering one of the most 
<( r %htful cries, apparently enjoying the cats alarm 
a nd flight.” The common domestic cock clucks to 
6 hen, and the hen to her chickens, when a dainty 
<t 0rse l is found. The hen, when she has laid an egg, 
„ ' a Peats the same note very often, and concludes with 
and SlXth a hove, which she holds for a longer time ; ” 26 
an' ^ 1U:s s h® expresses her joy. Some social birds 
^Patently call to each other for aid ; and as they flit 
ai° Ul tfee to tree, the flock is kept together by chirp 
s Weriug chirp. During the nocturnal migrations of 
V'uf 0 aiJ '* other water-fowl, sonorous clangs. from the 
i r ma .v be heard in the darkness overhead, answered 
8 - e an gs in the rear. Certain cries serve as danger- 
s ’ which, as the sportsman knows to his cost, are 
'!'h ! lu ^ eTs to°d by the same species and by others. 
i n f .rustic cock crows, and the humming-bird chirps, 
ilUrn ph over a defeated rival. The true song, how- 
P.I9^ duWs ‘ Ornitliolog. Biography ; ’ on Tetrao cupido, vol. ii. 
24 ‘o'*' 1 ^' e ^turnus, vol. ii. p. 219. 
26 rna hologioal Biograph.’ vol. v. p. 601. 
e Hon. Daines Barrington, ‘ Philosoph. Transact.’ 1773, p. 252. 
E 2 
