ODOUKS EMITTED. 
279 
C|J AP. XVIII. 
Odour. — With some animals, as with the notorious 
s kuuk of America, the overwhelming odour which they 
et Qit appears to serve exclusively as a means of defence. 
ith shrew-mice (Sorex) both sexes possess abdominal 
s cent-glands, and there can be little doubt, from the 
banner in which their bodies aro rejected by birds and 
J easts of prey, that their odour is protective ; never- 
theless the glands become enlarged in the males during 
the breeding-season. In many quadrupeds the glands 
ai 'e of the same size in both sexes; 9 but their use is 
dot known. In other species the glands are confined 
t° the males, or are more developed in them than in 
the females ; and they almost always become more 
ac tive during the rutting-season. At this period the 
Stands on the sides of the face of the male elephant 
Enlarge and emit a secretion having a strong musky 
°dour. 
The rank effluvium of the male goat is well known, 
at) d that of certain male deer is wonderfully strong 
an d persistent. On the banks of the Plata 1 have per- 
° e ived the whole air tainted with the odour of the male 
Oervus campestris, at the distance of half a mile to 
Reward of a herd ; and a silk handkerchief, in which I 
carried home a skin, though repeatedly used and washed, 
h'tained, when first unfolded, traces of the odour for 
cue year and seven months. This animal does not emit 
ds strong odour until more than a year old, and if cas- 
ai umal. The fullest account is given by Mr. Brown, who doubts about 
r ^e rudimentary condition of the bladder in the female, in ‘ Proc. 
^°°log. Soc.’ ISOS, p. 435. 
8 As with the castoveum of the beaver, see Mr. L. H. Morgan’s 
interesting work, ‘ The American Beaver,’ lSGSi p. 300. Pallas 
7 Spic. Zoolog.’ fasc. viii. 1770, p. 23) has well discussed the odoriferous 
glands of mammals. Owen Anat. of Vertebrates,’ vol. iii. p. 634) 
a bo gives an account of these glands, including those of the elephant, 
at >d (p. 763) those of shrew-mice. 
