Chap. XIX. 
SEXUAL DIFFERENCES. 
321 
between the sexes is more than thrice as great as with 
the Australians. The numerous measurements of various 
other races, with respect to stature, the circumference 
of the neck and chest, and the length of the back-bone 
a od arms, which were carefully made, nearly all shewed 
that the males differed much more from each other than 
did the females. This fact indicates that, as far as these 
characters are concerned, it is the male which has been 
chiefly modified, since the races diverged from their 
common and primeval source. 
The development of the beard and the hairiness of 
the body differ remarkably in the men belonging to 
distinct races, and even to different families in the same 
r ace. We Europeans see this amongst ourselves. In 
the island of St. Hilda, according to Martin , 12 the men 
do not acquire beards, which are very thin, until the 
a ge of thirty or upwards. On the Europmo- Asiatic 
continent, beards prevail until we pass beyond India, 
though with the natives of Ceylon they are frequentlv 
a bsent, as was noticed in ancient times by Diodorus . 13 
Beyond India beards disappear, as with the Siamese, 
llalays, Kalmucks, Chinese, and Japanese; nevertheless 
the Amos , 14 who inhabit the northernmost islands of the 
Japan archipelago, are the most hairy men in the world. 
With negroes the beard is scanty or absent, and they have 
110 whiskers ; in both sexes the body is generally almost 
destitute of fine down . 15 On the other hand, the Pa- 
12 ‘ Voyage to St. Hilda’ (3rd edit. 1753) p. 37. 
13 Sir J. E. Tennent, ‘ Ceylon,’ vol. it. 1859, p. 107. 
14 Quatrefeges, ‘ Revue des Cours Soientifiques,’ Aug. 29, 1S68, p. 630 ; 
’°gt, ‘ Lectures on Ma.n,’ Rug. translat. p. 127 
t 15 On the beards of negroes, Vogt, ‘ Lectures,’ &c. ibid, p. 127 ; Waitz, 
lutroduct. to Anthropology,’ Engl, translat. 1863, vol. i. p. 96. It is 
remarkable that in the United Statis (‘Investigations in Military and 
Anthropological Statistics of American Soldiers,’ 1SC9, p. 569) the 
VOL. II. V 
