30 Of Weights and Measures . 
The Cologne ounce is =: 8192 standard pis. and the 
Troy ounce is ~ 8724 st. pts. whence the Cologne ounce, 
and eighth of an ounce (or quentchen) is = .939018 Troy 
ounce or dram respectively : and the Cologne mark is 
— 7.512144 Troy ounces s or by the following table : 
Cologne oz. or Quentchen. Troy oz. or dr. 
Cologne oz 01 
- Quentchen. Troy oz . or dr. 
1 
.939 
6 
Z= 5.634 
2 
■ — ■ 
1.878 
7 
ZZ 6.573 
3 
— 
2.817 
8 
I” 7.512 
4 
— 
3.756 
9 
ZZ 8.451 
5 
ZZZ 
4.695 
When gold and silver 
are weighed 
in Germany by the 
Cologne mark, it has a totally different subdivision from 
the common ounce, quentchen, and pfenning. 
For gold, the mark is divided into 24 carats, and the 
carats into 12 grains. The Carat therefore, where it is 
a real weight, is equal to 150.242 Troy grains, and the 
Grain , or 288th part of the mark, is equal to 12.52 Troy 
grains. 
For silver, the mark is divided, as usual, into 16 
Loths , or half ounces, but the loth into 18 Grains. The 
grain is in this case also the 288th part of the mark. 
This circumstance of employing the term grain occasion- 
ally for a subdivision of the mark, and giving to it a va- 
lue upwards of 13 times the Nuremberg grain, should 
be carefully noted, as many errors may arise from it, 
particularly to the English reader. 
The method of conducting the assay of gold and sil- 
ver has been described under the article of Assay, and 
it is there mentioned (p. 117 )* that the small piece of 
gold cut oiT the ingot to be assayed is called an Assay 
mark , and (like the real mark of gold) is divided into 
24 carats, and each carat into 12 grains, by small sets of 
weights used for this purpose. The actual quantity of 
gold used for this purpose is half a pfenning, or irk of a 
* Of Aikin’s Dictionary. 
