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and the Method of making Wines. 
This difference in the products, arising from expo- 
sure alone, may be observed in all the effects that depend 
on vegetation. Wood cut down in a part of a forest 
looking towards the north, is far less combustible than 
that which grows towards the south : odoriferous and sa- 
voury plants lose their perfume and savour when reared 
in fat soil exposed to the north. Pliny had observed that 
the wood on the south side of the Appenines was of a 
better quality than that which grew in any other expo- 
sure : and every body knows what the effects of expo- 
sure are in regard to pulse and fruits. 
These phenomena, which are perceptible in regard to 
all vegetable productions, are particularly so in regard to 
grapes. A vine turned towards the south produces fruit 
very different from those which look towards the north. 
The surface of the soil planted with vines, by being more 
or less inclined, though with the same exposure, presents 
also modifications without end. The summit, the middle, 
and the bottom of a hill give productions very different. 
The summit, being uncovered, continually receives the 
impressions of every change and of every movement that 
takes place in the atmosphere ; the w inds harass the 
vine in every direction ; a more constant and more direct 
impression is made on it by fogs ; the temperature is more 
variable and cold. All these circumstances united, cause 
the grapes there to be less abundant ; they come with 
more difficulty, and in a less complete manner, to maturi- 
ty ; and the wine arising from them is of an inferior qua- 
lity to that furnished by the sides of the hill, which by 
their position are sheltered from the greater part of the fa- 
tal effects of these causes. The bottom of the hill, on 
the other hand, presents very great inconveniences : the 
constant coolness of the soil, no doubt, gives the vines 
great vigour ; but the grapes are never so saccharine, nor 
