4&6 On the Cultivation of the Vine, 
fences, is a confused mixture of tartar principles, analo- 
gous to fibrous matter and colouring matter. 
But these matters, though deposited in the cask, and 
precipitated from the wine, are susceptible of being still 
inixed with it by agitation, change of temperature, &c. % 
and in that case, besides injuring the quality of the wine, 
which they render turbid, they may communicate to it a 
new fermentation, which makes it degenerate into vine- 
gar. 
To obviate this inconvenience, the wine is drawn off 
into other vessels at different periods ; all the lees which 
have been precipitated are carefully separated ; and 
every thing existing in it in a state of incomplete solution 
is disengaged from it by simple processes, which we shall 
hereafter detail. By means of these operations it is 
cleansed and purified, and deprived of all those matters 
which might determine acetification. 
Every thing that relates to the art of preserving wines 
may be reduced to sulphuring and clarification . 
Sulphuring of Wine . 
1 st, To sulphur wine is to impregnate it with a sul- 
phurous vapour obtained by the combustion of sulphured 
matches. 
The method of composing these matches varies con 
siderably in different places 5 some mix w ith the sulphur 
aromatic substances, such as powder of cloves, cinnamon, 
ginger, Florentine iris, flowers of thyme, lavender, mar- 
joram, &c. and melt the mixture in an earthen vessel over 
a moderate fire. In this melted mixture, rags of cotton 
cloth are dipped in order to be burnt in the casks. Others 
employ sulphur alone, which they melt over the fire, and 
dip rags in it in the same manner. 
In the method of sulphuring casks there is also consi- 
derable variety. Sometimes the match is suspended at 
