[ 6 ] 
6thly. The Introduction of manufactures would ex- 
tend knowledge of all kinds, particularly scientificaL 
The elements of natural philosophy and of chemistry, 
now form an indispensable branch of education among 
the manufacturers of England. They cannot get on 
without it. They cannot understand or keep pace with 
the daily improvements of manufacture without scientific 
knowledge : and scientific knowledge is not insulated ; it 
must rest upon previous learning. The tradesmen of 
Great Britain, at this day, can furnish more profound 
thinkers on philosophical subjects, more acute and accu- 
rate experimenters, more real philosophers thrice told, 
than all Europe could furnish a century ago. I wish that 
were the case here ; but it is not so. I fear it is not true, 
that we are the most enlightened people upon the face of 
the earth ; unless the facility of political declamation be 
the sole criterion of decision, and the universal test of ta- 
lent. We should greatly improve, in my opinion, by a 
little more attention to mathematical and physical science 
I would therefore encourage whatever would introduce a 
general taste for such pursuits, 
7th!y. Because the home trade, consisting in the exchange 
of agricultural surplus for articles of manufacture prodm 
eed in our own country, will for a long time to come, fur- 
nish the safest, and the least dangerous, the least expensive, 
and the least immoral— the most productive and the most 
patriotic employment of surplus capital, however raised 
and accumulated. The safest , because it requires no na- 
vies exclusively for Its protection : the least dangerous , be- 
cause it furnishes no excitement to the prevailing madness 
of commercial wars : the least expensive , for the same 
reason that it is the safest and the least dangerous : the 
least immoral , because It furnishes no temptation to the 
breach or evasion of the laws ; to the multiplication of 
oaths and perjuries ; and to the consequent prostration of 
