Political ArithmctiCo 
169 
18 bushels an acre; Arthur Young, a competent judge, states it 
at 24 for England. Wheat, however, does not, or ought not, to 
occupy more than one year in four ; the others being appropriated 
to potatoes, rye, barley, oats, beans, peas, turnips, cabbages, 
carrots, or grasses. If the average crop therefore be taken at 10 
bushels, it will be somewhat below the amount. The average 
price of wheat for December, 1792, according to Young’s annals 
of agriculture, was 65 . Id. This will make the average produce 
of the agriculture of the kingdom 31. sterling per acre ; a calcula- 
tion sufficiently low, when it is considered, that this produce must 
maintain the farmer and his family, his labourers, his horses : it 
must pay the rent of the land, the tythe, the parliamentary taxes, 
and the poor tax. At this rate the gross amount of the annual 
agricultural produce of Great Britain, is 150 millions sterling : ex- 
clusive of mines, fisheries, and woods. As the import of grain is 
very great, the whole of this amount belongs to home consumption. 
The calculations of the statists of that country, are, that the 
manufacturers and mechanics equal in number the labourers in 
agriculture. It is not therefore too much to assign to the manu- 
facturing and mechanic labour for the home trade of Great Britain, 
one third part of the agricultural value, or 50 millions. 
Great Britain contains 1 1 millions of people, Ireland more than 
three. If the internal trade of Ireland be taken at one tenth of 
Great Britain, then will the annual circulating wealth of the inter- 
nal commerce of the British empire, be not less than 220 millions 
sterling. 
This subject may be otherwise considered. The actual expen- 
diture of the rich and poor taken on average of Great Britain, can- 
not be less than one shilling sterling per head per day, for food, 
fuel, furniture, and clothing. It is probably much more. But 1 ! 
millions of people at Is. st. per head per day, will amount to 200 
millions and 3-4 s a coincidence of calculation, that gives weight to 
the principles on which it is founded. 
If the gross amount of the foreign trade of Great Britain then be 
-25 millions, at the same time when the gross amount of the home 
trade is 200 millions, who can be mad enough to attribute the 
power and prosperity of that Kingdom to the foreign trade ? 
Again. The taxes of that country must be bore partly by 
the foreign, partly by the home trade. Last year (1798) the mi- 
nister demanded supplies to the amount of 35 millions ; the gross 
.receipt of the customs was 5 1-2 millions including export andim- 
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