Political Arithmetic , 
tem of foreign commerce and the carrying trade by their maritime 
situation ; they had no other resource, for they possess compara- 
tively no territory. 
I select the following from Jameson’s Political Geopraphy, 
which I prefer to Zimmerman’s. The first table contains the ma- 
ritime and commercial nations, with the inhabitants upon a square 
mile. The second table contains the states which enjoy little or no fo- 
reign commerce, with the inhabitants on a square mile in those states. 
Table First. 
Second Table . 
Great Britain and Ireland, 
111 
The whole of Germany, 
135 
Great Britain, - 
119* 
Palatinate of the Rhine } 
134 
England and Wales, 
150f 
with Bavaria, $ 
Ireland, 
109 
Electorate of Saxony, 
150 
Scotland, 
59 
French acquisition on the > 
200 
France, 
157$ 
left bank of the Rhine, 5 
Spain, 
70 
Piedmont, 
240 
Portugal, 
72 
The Milanese and Aus- > 
240 
Denmark, - - 
13 
trian Italy, - - y 
Sweden, 
14 
The Pope’s State, 
160 
European Russia, 
17 
Republic of Venice, 
193. 
To which it will not be unfair to add the empire of China with 
no foreign trade, but permitting every nation on payment of duties 
to fetch away her Commodities, 333 per square mile. To say no- 
thing of the inland country of India, equally populous, by the cul- 
tivation of the earth, and internal manufacture. If 
I may assert further, as a known fact to European travellers or 
readers of travels, that the public monuments of art and apparent 
wealth of the second table, exceed the first. 
13thly, The Commercial nations ha~oe uniformly fallen before the 
Agricultural nations „ 
* Zimmerman. 
f This is far too great, being calculated on a surface of 79,712 square miies^ 
whereas the report of the Committee of waste lands, before quoted, make a 
surface of seventy-three and one-fourth millions of acres, or about 114,500 
square miles, or about 136 to a square mile. There are in fact not so many* 
Distribute 11 millions of souls over 114,500 square miles. All the preceding 
calculations are therefore too high for the same reason. 
4 This is too high, being calculated on a surface of 157,924 square miles., 
whereas Neckar and Young allow 205,816 square miles to old France. 
§ Young states the Milanese at 354 per square mile. 
f Inland towns of 2 or 3 millions of people, have not been uncommon in In- 
dia, Visapour, an inland town, contained at one time near a mill ion of houses, 
.See Captain Moore’s narrative. 
% 
