THE 
EMPORIUM 
OF 
ARTS AND SCIENCES. 
Voi,. I.] October, 1813. [No. IIL 
STEEL. 
(Continued from page 284J 1 
The third kind of Steel , or 3dlg, Cast Steel. 
In cast iron, the carbon used, has never completely and 
uniformly metallized all the iron by uniting with the oxy- 
gen which gave it the form of an ore : also, the iron is in 
some parts united to carbon not merely to saturation, 
but beyond it ; and not merely chemically, but mechani- 
cally. Iron may be greatly supersaturated or overload- 
ed with carbon, as in the case of plumbago (Black-lead.) 
and in the smooth black-lead surface of kishy cast iron. 
But in steel , the carbon seems chemically united to 
I iron, and to a certain point encreases its fusibility ; cast 
steel then, is a chemical combination of blistered steel, 
I with a still greater proportion of carbon ; which is com- 
municated to it, by fusing the blistered steel, either in con- 
tact with charcoal, or with limestone and bottle glass. I 
have already observed that 100 grains of chalk or pure 
limestone will yield 44 or 44 s grains of carbonic acid 
gas ; which 44 grains of gas, contain somewhat better 
than 12 a. grains of pure charcoal or carbon. 
These remarks will explain the following report of Guy- 
ton Morveau to the National Institute of July 4, 1798, on 
Clouet’s method of making steeh 
Y Y 
