Cast SteeL 353 
of iron, by heating them together in the forge, or in the 
way of cementation. 
At the end of his memoir, Citizen Clouet has given ob- 
servations on the manner of producing cast-steel, and the 
furnaces proper for this effect. 
He determines the nature of the fluxes, the degree of heat, 
the quality of the crucibles, the precautions for casting 
the ingot, the method of forging this kind of steel, the pro- 
cesses to be followed in experiments at the forge upon 
two kilogrammes of the materials, and the proportions to 
be given to a reverberatory furnace capable of heating 
| four crucibles, each containing 12 or 13 kilogrammes of 
steel (about 28 pounds avoirdupois each crucible). 
He remarks, that the mere ingredients of saline glass 
cannot be directly used in this process ; that glasses, 
which are too fusible, render the steel difficult to forge ; 
that steel, kept for a long time in fusion, takes up more 
glass than is proper; and lastly, that the melted matter 
must be stirred, and the glass carefully taken oft' before 
casting, in order to prevent its mixing with the steel. 
The Commissaries of the Institute proceeded to repeat 
and verify the experiments of Citizen Clouet. These 
operations, which are related at length, were as follows. 
1. Six hectogrammes (about 21 oz. avoirdupois) of fi- 
lings of farrier's nails, and four of a mixture of equal parts 
of white marble, or carbonate of lime, and baked clay of 
an Hessian crucible, both reduced to powder, were well 
blended together, and exposed to the heat of a forge-fur* 
nace urged by three bellows-pipes for an hour and a half. 
The crucible failed at the first experiment ; but, oiv repe- 
tition, a bar of steel was afforded. 2. Upon making the 
experiment with Macquer’s furnace, the fusion was not 
complete, though the fire had been urged to 151° of 
Wedgwood. 3. In another excellent wind-furnace, 367 
grammes (about 13 oz, avoirdupois) of small-drawn iron 
