384 
Cast Steel. 
and the result will be cast-steel, if a proper quantity of char- 
coal, charcoal-dust, pit-coal, pitcoal-dust, plumbago or 
black lead, or of any substance containing carbonaceous 
matter, has been used. 
“ For the common and ordinary qualities of cast-steel, 
a much smaller quantity of carbonaceous matter is requi- 
site in the mixture than perhaps could have been suspect- 
ed before my invention. When charcoal from wood is 
employed, a seventieth to a ninetieth of the weight of the 
iron will generally be found sufficient. When the quan- 
tity of the carbonaceous matter or principle exceeds one 
seventieth, and is increased to from one sixtieth to one 
fortieth or more of the weight of the iron, the steel be- 
comes so completely fusible that it may be run into 
moulds of any shape, and be capable afterwards of being 
filed and polished. Hence by casting may be constructed 
stoves, grates, kitchen utensils, many kinds of wheels and 
mill works, a great variety of small machinery, and many 
other articles, which could not be so made by the proces- 
ses now in use, and which way of making such articles 
constitutes a part of my invention. 
“ By my process various kinds of steel, differing as 
much from each other in their qualities as the various kinds 
of pig or cast-iron differ from each other, can be formed 
by merely varying the proportion of carbonaceous mat- 
ter. Cast-steel of the common and ordinary qualities is 
too volatile when in fusion to admit of being run into any 
shape except straight moulds of a considerable diameter ; 
but steel of such density as to admit of being cast into any 
form may be produced by my process, by increasing the 
quantity of charcoal, or matter containing the carbonace- 
ous principle, and then fusing the mixture as before di- 
rected. When I wish to produce qualities of steel softer 
than is usually manufactured by the common processes, 
I find it best to use a small proportion of charcoal, some- 
