80 
On Rail- Hoads . 
Most rail-ways of considerable extent require the use 
of this species of machinery for attaining the difference 
of level requisite, more particularly in cases where mine- 
rals form any considerable part of the traffic. On the 
proposed rail-way between Glasgow and Berwick, seve- 
ral inclined planes will be required ; the summit of that 
rail-way being 753 feet above the level of the end of Ber- 
wick quay. 
The waggons are constructed on various plans, and 
are probably, in most cases, far from the degree of im- 
provement of which they are susceptible. But, with 
all their disadvantages, the following facts will evince 
the great saving of animal force to which rail -ways gave 
rise. * 
1. With i-J inch per yard declivity, one horse takes 
downward three waggons, each containing two tons. 
2. In another place, with a rise of l T 6 o inch per yard, 
one horse takes two tons upwards. 
3. With eight feet rise in 66 yards, nearly H inch per 
yard, one horse takes two tons upwards. 
4. On the Penrhyn rail -way, (same slope as the above,) 
two horses draw downwards four waggons, each contain- 
ing one ton of slate.* 
5. With a slope of 55 feet per mile, one horse takes 12 
to 15 tons downwards, and four tons upwards, and all the 
empty waggons, f 
6. At Ayr, one horse draw s on a level five w aggons, 
each containing a ton of coal. 
7. On the Surry rail-way, one horse, on a declivity of 
one inch in ten feet, is said to draw thirty quarters of 
wheat .J 
* See Plymley’s Agricultural Report of Shropshire, 
j- Repertory of Arts, Sec. vol. iii. 2d series, 
i Malcolm’s Agricultural Report of Surry. 
