86 Relief of Horses Fallen in Loaded Carts . 
there to raise the one which is down in the shafts, will 
instantly assist him to get upon his feet. 
4. — The number of horses to draw a cart are usually in 
proportion to the weight contained therein; therefore sup- 
posing three horses are employed to draw it, and the shaft 
horse falls, the carman has only to unhook the two lead- 
ers, and then hook them to the short chain at each side 
of the back of the cart, and with their strength the fallen 
horse will be so relieved from the weight, as to raise him- 
self without farther assistance. 
5. — The same principle may be applied in different 
ways from what I have shown in the model ; for instance, 
another mode may be adopted by framing the tail board 
of the cart strong enough to bear the purchase ; and, with 
the use of the two side chains above mentioned, it may 
be made to answer the purpose. 
Another plan, though more expensive, is by obtaining 
two wrought iron uprights to be fixed as substitutes for the 
truss staffs at the back part of the cart, with a hole in the 
top of each to receive an iron rod, which is occasionally 
to be introduced, reaching from one side of the cart to the 
other, connecting the two uprights together; when in ac- 
tion the two side chains to be used as in other cases, 
Reference to the Drawing of Mr , Smith’s Method of 
raising up a Horse when fallen down in the Shafts of 
a loaded Cart , Fig, S, PL 3. 
A is the wheel, and E the shafts of a cart, such as is 
used in London; C the side rails; at the end of the body 
an iron stancheon or truss staff, a , is fixed by the hinge 
at the lower end, and at the upper end it is supported by 
a chain &, extended from the fore part of the body of the 
cart; this diagonal chain forms a firm support to the stan- 
cheon, This Is all the addition made to the common 
