165 
of Champagne in France . 
be omitted. It has been ascertained, however, that the 
strong and rough taste of the stones is necessary, as one 
of the constituent parts of wine. 
To what Accidents are Fed Wines liable when in the 
Casks? 
The accidents to which red wines are liable, are yel- 
lowness, muddiness, and a wormwood taste. These ac- 
cidents happen when the wines are kept in badly aired 
cellars, or when the fruit has been damaged during the 
vintage season by frosts or continual rains. 
How are the Fed Wines managed? 
When the red wine which comes out of the tub, and 
that which has been expressed from the husks, are well 
mixed together in a vat procured for the purpose, the 
whole is poured into new puncheons previously rinsed 
with hot water; but they are not filled at once, because 
the wine always ferments for a few days longer : as the 
fermentation ceases they are filled and bunged up, leav- 
ing a small spiggot in the bung in order to allow the gas 
to pass out: when the fermentation has entirely ceased 
the puncheon is hermetically closed. 
About the end of December, and if possible in dry 
weather, the wine is drawn off and freed from the greatest 
part of the lees. 
About the middle of May, before the warm season 
commences, the wine is again drawn off clear. Before 
putting the puncheons into the cellar they are furnished 
with new hoops, where they are kept during the summer, 
or till they are sold, otherwise their contents would be 
spoiled. 
TI hat is the Method of clarifying Fed Wines? 
This consists in drawing off the wine a third time. 
